AIR METHODS Advanced Med Surg
Comprehensive Resource To Help You Ace
2026-2027 Includes Frequently Tested
Questions With ELABORATED 100% Correct
COMPLETE SOLUTIONS
Guaranteed Pass First Attempt!!
Current Update!!
1. What is Cardiac Index?
- ANSWER The measurement of CO adjusted for body surface area
(BSA)
2. What is systemic vascular resistance (SVR)?
- ANSWER The resistance of the systemic vascular bed, pressure of
LEFT ventricle pushing against the contraction to the AORTA
3. What is Pulmonary Vascular Resistance (PVR)?
- ANSWER The resistance of the pulmonary vascular bed,
opposition encountered by the right ventricle is the resistance to
blood flow by vessels
4. What do systemic vascular resistance (SVR) and Pulmonary vascular
resistance reflect?
- ANSWER Both reflect afterload and can be adjusted for body size.
5. What is contractility?
- ANSWER The strength of a contraction
,6. What causes contractility to increase?
- ANSWER When preload is unchanged and the heart contracts
more forcefully
7. What is the function of positive inotropes?
- ANSWER To increase or improve contractility
Epinephrine, norepinephrine, digoxin, dopamine, dobutamine
8. What are negative inotropes?
- ANSWER Beta blockers, calcium channel blockers and clinical
conditions like acidosis
9. What is continuous arterial BP (invasive pressure monitoring) indicated for?
- ANSWER Acute hypotension/hypertension, respiratory failure,
shock, neurologic injury, frequent arterial blood gas
10.What is continuous arterial BP (invasive pressure monitoring) used to
obtain?
- ANSWER Systolic, diastolic and mean arterial pressure (MAP),
patient should be supine for initial readings.
11.How do you limit complications from continuous arterial BP monitoring?
- ANSWER Frequently inspect the insertion site for local signs of
inflammation, and if bacterial infection is suspected, remove line and
culture tip.
12.What are A-lines in continuous arterial BP monitoring used for?
- ANSWER For arterial blood gas collections and continuous BP
readings
13.What is a sign of catheter migration in continuous arterial monitoring?
- ANSWER A gurgling sound
,14.What are the types of invasive pressure monitoring?
- ANSWER Pulmonary artery flow-directed catheter
Pulmonary artery pressure monitoring
15.What is Pulmonary Artery Flow-Directed catheter (invasive pressure
monitoring)?
- ANSWER Measures Pulmonary artery diastolic pressure (PADP)
and Pulmonary Wedge Pressure (PAWP), which are sensitive
indicators of heart function and fluid status.
16.What is Pulmonary artery pressure monitoring (invasive pressure
monitoring)?
- ANSWER Measures various hemodynamic parameters:
- central venous pressure (CVP), pulmonary artery (PA) pressures, and
cardiac output (CO) are measured.
- Guides acute-phase management of patients with complicated
pulmonary,, cardiac, and intravascular volume problems
17.What interventions can the pulmonary artery pressure monitoring allow?
- ANSWER The PA catheters have multiple lumens, ports and
components that allow for blood sampling, infusion of IV fluids and
various hemodynamic measurements, central venous pressure (CVP),
pulmonary artery (PA) pressures and cardiac output (CO) are
measured.
18.PADP and PAWP increase with what?
- ANSWER Heart failure and fluid overload (hypervolemia)
19.PADP and PAWP decrease with what?
- ANSWER Volume depletion (hypovolemia)
, 20.For Pulmonary Artery (PA) Catheters, what is the function of the PROXIMAL
LUMEN?
- ANSWER To measure right atrial pressure (CVP), infuse IV fluids
and obtain venous blood samples.
21.For Pulmonary Artery (PA) Catheters, what is the function of the DISTAL
LUMEN?
- ANSWER To measure PAPs (PA systolic, PA diastolic, Mean PA
pressures and PA wedge pressure) NOT USED FOR IV FLUID
ADMINISTRATION
22.For Pulmonary Artery (PA) Catheters, what is the function of the BALLOON
INFLATION PORT
- ANSWER Intermittently used for PAWP measurements. When not
in used, should be deflated and in the locked position.
23.For Pulmonary Artery (PA) Catheters, what is the function of the
THERMISTOR
- ANSWER Measures temperature differences between right
atrium and PA (pulmonary artery) to determine CO (cardiac output)
24.For Pulmonary Artery (PA) Catheters, what is the function of the
ADDITIONAL INFUSION PORTS?
- ANSWER These are additional ports available on the pulmonary
artery (PA) catheters depending on the brand.
25.What is the next step after insertion of the Pulmonary artery (PA) catheter,
before it is used?
- ANSWER Obtain a chest x-ray to confirm catheter placement,
then note and record the measurement at the exit point, apply an
occlusive sterile dressing and change it according to agency policy.
26.What is the expected reference ranges for Central Venous Pressure (CVP)?
Comprehensive Resource To Help You Ace
2026-2027 Includes Frequently Tested
Questions With ELABORATED 100% Correct
COMPLETE SOLUTIONS
Guaranteed Pass First Attempt!!
Current Update!!
1. What is Cardiac Index?
- ANSWER The measurement of CO adjusted for body surface area
(BSA)
2. What is systemic vascular resistance (SVR)?
- ANSWER The resistance of the systemic vascular bed, pressure of
LEFT ventricle pushing against the contraction to the AORTA
3. What is Pulmonary Vascular Resistance (PVR)?
- ANSWER The resistance of the pulmonary vascular bed,
opposition encountered by the right ventricle is the resistance to
blood flow by vessels
4. What do systemic vascular resistance (SVR) and Pulmonary vascular
resistance reflect?
- ANSWER Both reflect afterload and can be adjusted for body size.
5. What is contractility?
- ANSWER The strength of a contraction
,6. What causes contractility to increase?
- ANSWER When preload is unchanged and the heart contracts
more forcefully
7. What is the function of positive inotropes?
- ANSWER To increase or improve contractility
Epinephrine, norepinephrine, digoxin, dopamine, dobutamine
8. What are negative inotropes?
- ANSWER Beta blockers, calcium channel blockers and clinical
conditions like acidosis
9. What is continuous arterial BP (invasive pressure monitoring) indicated for?
- ANSWER Acute hypotension/hypertension, respiratory failure,
shock, neurologic injury, frequent arterial blood gas
10.What is continuous arterial BP (invasive pressure monitoring) used to
obtain?
- ANSWER Systolic, diastolic and mean arterial pressure (MAP),
patient should be supine for initial readings.
11.How do you limit complications from continuous arterial BP monitoring?
- ANSWER Frequently inspect the insertion site for local signs of
inflammation, and if bacterial infection is suspected, remove line and
culture tip.
12.What are A-lines in continuous arterial BP monitoring used for?
- ANSWER For arterial blood gas collections and continuous BP
readings
13.What is a sign of catheter migration in continuous arterial monitoring?
- ANSWER A gurgling sound
,14.What are the types of invasive pressure monitoring?
- ANSWER Pulmonary artery flow-directed catheter
Pulmonary artery pressure monitoring
15.What is Pulmonary Artery Flow-Directed catheter (invasive pressure
monitoring)?
- ANSWER Measures Pulmonary artery diastolic pressure (PADP)
and Pulmonary Wedge Pressure (PAWP), which are sensitive
indicators of heart function and fluid status.
16.What is Pulmonary artery pressure monitoring (invasive pressure
monitoring)?
- ANSWER Measures various hemodynamic parameters:
- central venous pressure (CVP), pulmonary artery (PA) pressures, and
cardiac output (CO) are measured.
- Guides acute-phase management of patients with complicated
pulmonary,, cardiac, and intravascular volume problems
17.What interventions can the pulmonary artery pressure monitoring allow?
- ANSWER The PA catheters have multiple lumens, ports and
components that allow for blood sampling, infusion of IV fluids and
various hemodynamic measurements, central venous pressure (CVP),
pulmonary artery (PA) pressures and cardiac output (CO) are
measured.
18.PADP and PAWP increase with what?
- ANSWER Heart failure and fluid overload (hypervolemia)
19.PADP and PAWP decrease with what?
- ANSWER Volume depletion (hypovolemia)
, 20.For Pulmonary Artery (PA) Catheters, what is the function of the PROXIMAL
LUMEN?
- ANSWER To measure right atrial pressure (CVP), infuse IV fluids
and obtain venous blood samples.
21.For Pulmonary Artery (PA) Catheters, what is the function of the DISTAL
LUMEN?
- ANSWER To measure PAPs (PA systolic, PA diastolic, Mean PA
pressures and PA wedge pressure) NOT USED FOR IV FLUID
ADMINISTRATION
22.For Pulmonary Artery (PA) Catheters, what is the function of the BALLOON
INFLATION PORT
- ANSWER Intermittently used for PAWP measurements. When not
in used, should be deflated and in the locked position.
23.For Pulmonary Artery (PA) Catheters, what is the function of the
THERMISTOR
- ANSWER Measures temperature differences between right
atrium and PA (pulmonary artery) to determine CO (cardiac output)
24.For Pulmonary Artery (PA) Catheters, what is the function of the
ADDITIONAL INFUSION PORTS?
- ANSWER These are additional ports available on the pulmonary
artery (PA) catheters depending on the brand.
25.What is the next step after insertion of the Pulmonary artery (PA) catheter,
before it is used?
- ANSWER Obtain a chest x-ray to confirm catheter placement,
then note and record the measurement at the exit point, apply an
occlusive sterile dressing and change it according to agency policy.
26.What is the expected reference ranges for Central Venous Pressure (CVP)?
