BIOL 3150 Final Exam 3 Questions and
All Correct Answers.
does brain size = intelligence? - Answer no
-intelligence is dictated by the number of active synapses and the wiring of the brain
What is the weight and volume of of the adult brain? - Answer -1.35 to 1.4 kg (about 3
pounds)
-1200 cc volume
towards the nose; anterior - Answer rostral
towards the tail; posterior - Answer caudal
brain development begins at the ________ end of neural tube - Answer rostral
What are the 2 main flexures that bend the brain toward brain stem? - Answer midbrain and
cervical
What is the purpose of the creases and folds of the brain? - Answer increases surface area
for neurons
What are the two distinct tissue areas of the brain? - Answer gray and white matter
What structures support and protect the brain? - Answer -cranium: rigid support
-meninges: connective tissue membranes that protect, support, and partition
-cerebrospinal fluid: cushioning fluid
-blood-brain barrier: prevents entry of harmful substances from bloodstream
What are the functions of the cranial meninges? - Answer -separate soft tissue of brain from
skull
-enclose & protect blood vessels
-forms partitions within skull to limit excessive movement of the brain
-contain, circulate CSF
-assist to drain blood from brain
,cavities or expansions within the brain - Answer ventricles
Where are the ventricles derived from? - Answer lumen of embryonic neural tube
the ventricles of the brain are filled with - Answer cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)
the ventricles are lined by what type of cells - Answer ependymal cells
clear, colorless liquid found in and around the brain & spinal cord - Answer cerebrospinal
fluid
What are the functions of cerebrospinal fluid? - Answer buoyancy, protection, environmental
stability
a structure represented by a cluster of thin-walled capillaries enclosed by a layer of ependymal
cells, supported by folds of pia mater and found hanging from roof of ventricles - Answer
choroid plexus
How does choroid plexus differ from blood plasma? - Answer -higher Na, H, and Cl ions
-lesser amounts of Ca and K
Where does cerebrospinal fluid originate from? - Answer blood plasma and is produced by
secretion from ependymal cells
What is the total volume of CSF? - Answer 150 mL
How much CSF is produced per day? - Answer 500 mL
How often is the entire volume of CSF replaced? - Answer every 8 hours
The CSF is continuously removed from the ______ space via arachnoid villi to ________
circulation - Answer subarachnoid space; venous circulation
Where does CSF circulate through? - Answer subarachnoid space, ventricles, central canal of
brain, and spinal cord
How do arachnoid villi work? - Answer -cells overlap each other
,-when pressure of CSF increases in the subarachnoid space, the arachnoid villi open
-when pressure of CSF falls, arachnoid villi close
if CSF accumulates, how does this affect nervous tissue? - Answer compress/ damage
nervous tissue
What is the purpose of the blood-brain barrier? - Answer -isolates brain from general
circulation
-maintains stable environment to keep toxins and poisons from reaching the brain
What are the components of the blood-brain barrier? - Answer -continuous endothelium of
capillary (tight junctions)
-thick basal lamina with fused basement membrane
-perivascular feet of astrocytes
the blood-brain barrier is ______ rather than a _______ barrier - Answer selective; absolute
What are the two locations where the blood-brain barrier is absent? - Answer -vomiting
center in brain stem (monitors blood circulation for toxicity and causes regurgitation if it sees
something)
-hypothalamus (homeostatic control center so can see chemical composition of blood and
regulate it accordingly)
What are the functions of the cerebrum? - Answer -intelligence, reasoning, sensory
perception, thought, memory & judgement, voluntary motor, visual, and auditory activites
cerebral lateralization - Answer the specialization of the hemispheres of the brain for
different modes of processing
What are the 3 functional areas of the cerebrum? - Answer motor areas, sensory areas,
association areas
place of integration from many association areas from different lobes - Answer functional
brain region
integrate & store information, connected to respective motor/ sensory regions - Answer
association areas
, conscious awareness of sensation - Answer sensory areas
a topographical-organized map of the proportional representation of the contralateral
somatosensory or motor neurons on the cortex or passing through a part of the brain - Answer
homunculus
movement related to skeletal muscle activation - Answer primary motor cortex
general sensation informaion - Answer primary somatosensory cortex
the finer the movement or the greater degree of sensitivity present translate into more -
Answer cortical area
composed primarily of myelinated axons and grouped into bundles called tracts - Answer
central white matter
paired, irregular masses of gray matter found deep within white matter - Answer cerebral
nuclei
what are the four major regions of the brain? - Answer cerebrum, diencephalon, brainstem,
cerebellum
What are the 3 primary brain vesicles formed at the 4th week of development? - Answer
prosencephalon: forebrain
mesencephalon: midbrain
rhombencephalon: hindbrain
At the 5th week of development, the ____ primary vesicles develop into _____ secondary brain
vesicles - Answer 3; 5
brain vesicle that arises from prosencephalon and eventually forms the cerebrum - Answer
telencephalon
brain vesicle that arises from prosencephalon and eventually forms the thalamus,
hypothalamus, and epithalamis - Answer diencephalon
brain vesicle that does not form a new secondary vesicle; renamed midbrain after brith -
Answer mesencephalon
All Correct Answers.
does brain size = intelligence? - Answer no
-intelligence is dictated by the number of active synapses and the wiring of the brain
What is the weight and volume of of the adult brain? - Answer -1.35 to 1.4 kg (about 3
pounds)
-1200 cc volume
towards the nose; anterior - Answer rostral
towards the tail; posterior - Answer caudal
brain development begins at the ________ end of neural tube - Answer rostral
What are the 2 main flexures that bend the brain toward brain stem? - Answer midbrain and
cervical
What is the purpose of the creases and folds of the brain? - Answer increases surface area
for neurons
What are the two distinct tissue areas of the brain? - Answer gray and white matter
What structures support and protect the brain? - Answer -cranium: rigid support
-meninges: connective tissue membranes that protect, support, and partition
-cerebrospinal fluid: cushioning fluid
-blood-brain barrier: prevents entry of harmful substances from bloodstream
What are the functions of the cranial meninges? - Answer -separate soft tissue of brain from
skull
-enclose & protect blood vessels
-forms partitions within skull to limit excessive movement of the brain
-contain, circulate CSF
-assist to drain blood from brain
,cavities or expansions within the brain - Answer ventricles
Where are the ventricles derived from? - Answer lumen of embryonic neural tube
the ventricles of the brain are filled with - Answer cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)
the ventricles are lined by what type of cells - Answer ependymal cells
clear, colorless liquid found in and around the brain & spinal cord - Answer cerebrospinal
fluid
What are the functions of cerebrospinal fluid? - Answer buoyancy, protection, environmental
stability
a structure represented by a cluster of thin-walled capillaries enclosed by a layer of ependymal
cells, supported by folds of pia mater and found hanging from roof of ventricles - Answer
choroid plexus
How does choroid plexus differ from blood plasma? - Answer -higher Na, H, and Cl ions
-lesser amounts of Ca and K
Where does cerebrospinal fluid originate from? - Answer blood plasma and is produced by
secretion from ependymal cells
What is the total volume of CSF? - Answer 150 mL
How much CSF is produced per day? - Answer 500 mL
How often is the entire volume of CSF replaced? - Answer every 8 hours
The CSF is continuously removed from the ______ space via arachnoid villi to ________
circulation - Answer subarachnoid space; venous circulation
Where does CSF circulate through? - Answer subarachnoid space, ventricles, central canal of
brain, and spinal cord
How do arachnoid villi work? - Answer -cells overlap each other
,-when pressure of CSF increases in the subarachnoid space, the arachnoid villi open
-when pressure of CSF falls, arachnoid villi close
if CSF accumulates, how does this affect nervous tissue? - Answer compress/ damage
nervous tissue
What is the purpose of the blood-brain barrier? - Answer -isolates brain from general
circulation
-maintains stable environment to keep toxins and poisons from reaching the brain
What are the components of the blood-brain barrier? - Answer -continuous endothelium of
capillary (tight junctions)
-thick basal lamina with fused basement membrane
-perivascular feet of astrocytes
the blood-brain barrier is ______ rather than a _______ barrier - Answer selective; absolute
What are the two locations where the blood-brain barrier is absent? - Answer -vomiting
center in brain stem (monitors blood circulation for toxicity and causes regurgitation if it sees
something)
-hypothalamus (homeostatic control center so can see chemical composition of blood and
regulate it accordingly)
What are the functions of the cerebrum? - Answer -intelligence, reasoning, sensory
perception, thought, memory & judgement, voluntary motor, visual, and auditory activites
cerebral lateralization - Answer the specialization of the hemispheres of the brain for
different modes of processing
What are the 3 functional areas of the cerebrum? - Answer motor areas, sensory areas,
association areas
place of integration from many association areas from different lobes - Answer functional
brain region
integrate & store information, connected to respective motor/ sensory regions - Answer
association areas
, conscious awareness of sensation - Answer sensory areas
a topographical-organized map of the proportional representation of the contralateral
somatosensory or motor neurons on the cortex or passing through a part of the brain - Answer
homunculus
movement related to skeletal muscle activation - Answer primary motor cortex
general sensation informaion - Answer primary somatosensory cortex
the finer the movement or the greater degree of sensitivity present translate into more -
Answer cortical area
composed primarily of myelinated axons and grouped into bundles called tracts - Answer
central white matter
paired, irregular masses of gray matter found deep within white matter - Answer cerebral
nuclei
what are the four major regions of the brain? - Answer cerebrum, diencephalon, brainstem,
cerebellum
What are the 3 primary brain vesicles formed at the 4th week of development? - Answer
prosencephalon: forebrain
mesencephalon: midbrain
rhombencephalon: hindbrain
At the 5th week of development, the ____ primary vesicles develop into _____ secondary brain
vesicles - Answer 3; 5
brain vesicle that arises from prosencephalon and eventually forms the cerebrum - Answer
telencephalon
brain vesicle that arises from prosencephalon and eventually forms the thalamus,
hypothalamus, and epithalamis - Answer diencephalon
brain vesicle that does not form a new secondary vesicle; renamed midbrain after brith -
Answer mesencephalon
