NU 545 EXAM 1
Study Guide
Physio-Patho Basis of Adv Nsg
University of South Alabama
This Study Guide contains:
✓ verified questions and Answers with Reference pg.
✓ key concepts
✓ advanced clinical reasoning.
✓ Designed to help nursing students master course
outcomes
✓ prepare for midterm or final exams with confidence.
, lOMoARcPSD|51648332
Study Guide
Unit 1
NU 545
CHAPTER 1: Cellular Biology
1. What is metabolic absorption? (p.2)
- All cells can take in and use nutrients and other substances from their
surroundings.
- Example: cells of intestines or kidneys
2. What uses oxygen to remove hydrogen atoms in an oxidative reaction? (p.5)
- Peroxisomes contain enzymes that use oxygen to remove hydrogen atoms in
and oxidative reaction that produces hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)
3. During cell injury, what is released that is capable of cellular autodigestion? (p.5)
- Lysosomes maintain cellular health because of efficient removal of toxic
cellular components, removal of useless organelles, termination of signal
transduction and maintenance of metabolic homeostasis.
4. Where is the genetic info contained in the cell? (p.2)
- The Nucleus contain the nucleolus, most of the cellular DNA, and the DNA
binding proteins
5. Cell membranes contain which major chemical components? (p.3)
- Lipids
- Proteins
o Carbs (p.9)
“glyco” for short
Can be glycolipids or glycoproteins
o Cholestorol
Keep cell membrane in happy ground of fluidity
6. What allows potassium to diffuse in and out of cells? (p.25)
- Changes in the electrical current in the plasma membrane alters the flow of
sodium and potassium
- Protein channels: Allows K ions to diffuse down concentration gradient
7. How is the cell protected from injury? (p.9)
- The carbohydrates on the outside of the plasma membrane form a coating
(glycocalyx) that protects the cell from mechanical damage
8. In cirrhosis, what does cholesterol have to do with the erythrocytes?
- Alters the surface of cells causing permeability
Downloaded by Benjamin Luca ()
, lOMoARcPSD|51648332
- In cirrhosis the cholesterol content of the red blood cells plasma membrane
increases, causing a decrease in membrane fluidity and affects the cells
ability to transport oxygen
9. What is platelet-derived growth factor?
- Stimulates the production of connective tissue cells and neuroglial cells
10. What is cell communication? How does it occur? (p.15)
- Maintains homeostasis, regulates growth and division, and coordinates
functions
- Cells communicate in three main ways
o They form protein channels (gap junctions) that directly coordinate
the activities of adjacent cells
o They display plasma membrane signaling molecules (receptors) that
affect intercellular processes (the cell itself) or other cells in direct
physical contact
o They secrete chemicals that signal to cells some distance away (most
common)
11. What is chemical signaling? (p.17)
- Secreted chemical signals involve communication locally and at a distance
- Primary modes of intercellular signaling
o Contact-dependent
Paracrine : secrete local chemical mediators that are quickly
taken up, destroyed, or immobilized
Autocrine: cells produce signals to which they respond alone
Hormonal: specialized endocrine cells that excrete hormones -
> travel through the blood stream to produce response from
other sets of cells
Neurohormonal: hormones released into the blood by
neurosecretory neurons
Neurotransmitter: released directly by the neurons to
communicate with the cells they innervate. This happens at
chemical synapses when the neurotransmitter diffuses across
the synaptic cleft and act on postsynaptic target cells
12. How is glucose transported from the blood to the cell? (p.27)
- Passive: Protein channel transport down the concentration gradient with no
energy expenditure.
- Active: symport with Na+ (Na co transports glucose across the Na-K pump)
Downloaded by Benjamin Luca ()
Study Guide
Physio-Patho Basis of Adv Nsg
University of South Alabama
This Study Guide contains:
✓ verified questions and Answers with Reference pg.
✓ key concepts
✓ advanced clinical reasoning.
✓ Designed to help nursing students master course
outcomes
✓ prepare for midterm or final exams with confidence.
, lOMoARcPSD|51648332
Study Guide
Unit 1
NU 545
CHAPTER 1: Cellular Biology
1. What is metabolic absorption? (p.2)
- All cells can take in and use nutrients and other substances from their
surroundings.
- Example: cells of intestines or kidneys
2. What uses oxygen to remove hydrogen atoms in an oxidative reaction? (p.5)
- Peroxisomes contain enzymes that use oxygen to remove hydrogen atoms in
and oxidative reaction that produces hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)
3. During cell injury, what is released that is capable of cellular autodigestion? (p.5)
- Lysosomes maintain cellular health because of efficient removal of toxic
cellular components, removal of useless organelles, termination of signal
transduction and maintenance of metabolic homeostasis.
4. Where is the genetic info contained in the cell? (p.2)
- The Nucleus contain the nucleolus, most of the cellular DNA, and the DNA
binding proteins
5. Cell membranes contain which major chemical components? (p.3)
- Lipids
- Proteins
o Carbs (p.9)
“glyco” for short
Can be glycolipids or glycoproteins
o Cholestorol
Keep cell membrane in happy ground of fluidity
6. What allows potassium to diffuse in and out of cells? (p.25)
- Changes in the electrical current in the plasma membrane alters the flow of
sodium and potassium
- Protein channels: Allows K ions to diffuse down concentration gradient
7. How is the cell protected from injury? (p.9)
- The carbohydrates on the outside of the plasma membrane form a coating
(glycocalyx) that protects the cell from mechanical damage
8. In cirrhosis, what does cholesterol have to do with the erythrocytes?
- Alters the surface of cells causing permeability
Downloaded by Benjamin Luca ()
, lOMoARcPSD|51648332
- In cirrhosis the cholesterol content of the red blood cells plasma membrane
increases, causing a decrease in membrane fluidity and affects the cells
ability to transport oxygen
9. What is platelet-derived growth factor?
- Stimulates the production of connective tissue cells and neuroglial cells
10. What is cell communication? How does it occur? (p.15)
- Maintains homeostasis, regulates growth and division, and coordinates
functions
- Cells communicate in three main ways
o They form protein channels (gap junctions) that directly coordinate
the activities of adjacent cells
o They display plasma membrane signaling molecules (receptors) that
affect intercellular processes (the cell itself) or other cells in direct
physical contact
o They secrete chemicals that signal to cells some distance away (most
common)
11. What is chemical signaling? (p.17)
- Secreted chemical signals involve communication locally and at a distance
- Primary modes of intercellular signaling
o Contact-dependent
Paracrine : secrete local chemical mediators that are quickly
taken up, destroyed, or immobilized
Autocrine: cells produce signals to which they respond alone
Hormonal: specialized endocrine cells that excrete hormones -
> travel through the blood stream to produce response from
other sets of cells
Neurohormonal: hormones released into the blood by
neurosecretory neurons
Neurotransmitter: released directly by the neurons to
communicate with the cells they innervate. This happens at
chemical synapses when the neurotransmitter diffuses across
the synaptic cleft and act on postsynaptic target cells
12. How is glucose transported from the blood to the cell? (p.27)
- Passive: Protein channel transport down the concentration gradient with no
energy expenditure.
- Active: symport with Na+ (Na co transports glucose across the Na-K pump)
Downloaded by Benjamin Luca ()
