Test Bank An Introduction to Brain and Behavior 7th
Edition Bryan Kolb Ian Q. Whishaw Chapters 1-16
Complete Newest Version 2026
Evolutionary psychology - ANSWER-Studies how behavior and
thinking developed to help humans survive and reproduce.
Natural selection - ANSWER-Traits that help survival get passed on to
future generations.
Nature - ANSWER-Traits you're born with (genes, biology).
Nurture - ANSWER-Traits shaped by environment and experiences.
Twin studies - ANSWER-Compare identical vs. fraternal twins to see
role of genes vs. environment.
Adoption studies - ANSWER-investigates nature vs nurture in adopted
children and their biological and adoptive families
Family studies - ANSWER-Look at relatives to see if traits 'run in
families.'
Heredity - ANSWER-Passing of traits through DNA.
Genetic predisposition - ANSWER-Increased chance of developing a
trait/illness because of genes.
,Eugenics - ANSWER-Idea of controlling human breeding to 'improve'
traits (unethical, rejected).
Cerebral cortex - ANSWER-Thin outer layer of brain, controls thinking,
planning, and higher functions.
Lobes of the brain - ANSWER-Four main regions: frontal, parietal,
occipital, temporal.
Association areas - ANSWER-Brain regions that link info, help with
memory, learning, and reasoning.
Frontal lobes - ANSWER-Decision-making, problem solving, speaking,
movement, personality.
Prefrontal cortex - ANSWER-Self-control, planning, personality
expression.
Motor cortex - ANSWER-Sends signals to move muscles.
Parietal lobes - ANSWER-Process touch, body position, and spatial
awareness.
Somatosensory cortex - ANSWER-Receives and processes touch, pain,
and temperature.
Occipital lobes - ANSWER-Processes vision.
Temporal lobes - ANSWER-Hearing, language, memory, recognition.
Corpus callosum - ANSWER-Band of nerves that connects the two brain
hemispheres.
Brainstem - ANSWER-Controls survival functions (breathing, heartbeat,
sleep).
,Medulla - ANSWER-Regulates breathing, heartbeat, swallowing.
Reticular activating system - ANSWER-Controls alertness, sleep, and
attention.
Cerebellum - ANSWER-Controls balance, coordination, fine motor
skills.
Limbic system - ANSWER-Group of structures for emotion, memory,
motivation.
Reward center - ANSWER-Brain areas linked to pleasure and
motivation (dopamine).
Thalamus - ANSWER-Relays sensory signals to the brain (except
smell).
Hypothalamus - ANSWER-Regulates hunger, thirst, body temp, sex
drive, hormones.
Pituitary gland - ANSWER-'Master gland' that releases hormones
affecting growth and other glands.
Hippocampus - ANSWER-Forms and stores new memories.
Amygdala - ANSWER-Controls fear, aggression, and strong emotions.
Nervous system - ANSWER-network that sends signals between brain,
spinal cord, and body.
Central nervous system (CNS) - ANSWER-brain and spinal cord.
Peripheral nervous system (PNS) - ANSWER-nerves outside
brain/spinal cord.
, Autonomic nervous system -). ANSWER-controls automatic body
functions (breathing, heartbeat, digestion
Sympathetic nervous system - ANSWER-"fight-or-flight," speeds up
body (stress response).
Parasympathetic nervous system - ANSWER-"rest-and-digest," calms
body.
Somatic nervous system - ANSWER-controls voluntary muscle
movements.
Neurons - ANSWER-nerve cells that carry messages.
Glial cells - ANSWER-support, protect, and feed neurons.
Motor neurons - ANSWER-send signals from brain to muscles.
Sensory neurons - ANSWER-carry signals from senses to brain.
Interneurons - ANSWER-connect neurons in brain and spinal cord.
Reflex arc - ANSWER-automatic response that bypasses brain (like
pulling hand from hot stove).
Neural transmission - ANSWER-process of sending electrical/chemical
signals between neurons.
Threshold - ANSWER-minimum signal needed to trigger neuron firing.
Action potential - ANSWER-electrical signal sent down a neuron.
All-or-nothing principle - ANSWER-neuron fires fully or not at all.
Edition Bryan Kolb Ian Q. Whishaw Chapters 1-16
Complete Newest Version 2026
Evolutionary psychology - ANSWER-Studies how behavior and
thinking developed to help humans survive and reproduce.
Natural selection - ANSWER-Traits that help survival get passed on to
future generations.
Nature - ANSWER-Traits you're born with (genes, biology).
Nurture - ANSWER-Traits shaped by environment and experiences.
Twin studies - ANSWER-Compare identical vs. fraternal twins to see
role of genes vs. environment.
Adoption studies - ANSWER-investigates nature vs nurture in adopted
children and their biological and adoptive families
Family studies - ANSWER-Look at relatives to see if traits 'run in
families.'
Heredity - ANSWER-Passing of traits through DNA.
Genetic predisposition - ANSWER-Increased chance of developing a
trait/illness because of genes.
,Eugenics - ANSWER-Idea of controlling human breeding to 'improve'
traits (unethical, rejected).
Cerebral cortex - ANSWER-Thin outer layer of brain, controls thinking,
planning, and higher functions.
Lobes of the brain - ANSWER-Four main regions: frontal, parietal,
occipital, temporal.
Association areas - ANSWER-Brain regions that link info, help with
memory, learning, and reasoning.
Frontal lobes - ANSWER-Decision-making, problem solving, speaking,
movement, personality.
Prefrontal cortex - ANSWER-Self-control, planning, personality
expression.
Motor cortex - ANSWER-Sends signals to move muscles.
Parietal lobes - ANSWER-Process touch, body position, and spatial
awareness.
Somatosensory cortex - ANSWER-Receives and processes touch, pain,
and temperature.
Occipital lobes - ANSWER-Processes vision.
Temporal lobes - ANSWER-Hearing, language, memory, recognition.
Corpus callosum - ANSWER-Band of nerves that connects the two brain
hemispheres.
Brainstem - ANSWER-Controls survival functions (breathing, heartbeat,
sleep).
,Medulla - ANSWER-Regulates breathing, heartbeat, swallowing.
Reticular activating system - ANSWER-Controls alertness, sleep, and
attention.
Cerebellum - ANSWER-Controls balance, coordination, fine motor
skills.
Limbic system - ANSWER-Group of structures for emotion, memory,
motivation.
Reward center - ANSWER-Brain areas linked to pleasure and
motivation (dopamine).
Thalamus - ANSWER-Relays sensory signals to the brain (except
smell).
Hypothalamus - ANSWER-Regulates hunger, thirst, body temp, sex
drive, hormones.
Pituitary gland - ANSWER-'Master gland' that releases hormones
affecting growth and other glands.
Hippocampus - ANSWER-Forms and stores new memories.
Amygdala - ANSWER-Controls fear, aggression, and strong emotions.
Nervous system - ANSWER-network that sends signals between brain,
spinal cord, and body.
Central nervous system (CNS) - ANSWER-brain and spinal cord.
Peripheral nervous system (PNS) - ANSWER-nerves outside
brain/spinal cord.
, Autonomic nervous system -). ANSWER-controls automatic body
functions (breathing, heartbeat, digestion
Sympathetic nervous system - ANSWER-"fight-or-flight," speeds up
body (stress response).
Parasympathetic nervous system - ANSWER-"rest-and-digest," calms
body.
Somatic nervous system - ANSWER-controls voluntary muscle
movements.
Neurons - ANSWER-nerve cells that carry messages.
Glial cells - ANSWER-support, protect, and feed neurons.
Motor neurons - ANSWER-send signals from brain to muscles.
Sensory neurons - ANSWER-carry signals from senses to brain.
Interneurons - ANSWER-connect neurons in brain and spinal cord.
Reflex arc - ANSWER-automatic response that bypasses brain (like
pulling hand from hot stove).
Neural transmission - ANSWER-process of sending electrical/chemical
signals between neurons.
Threshold - ANSWER-minimum signal needed to trigger neuron firing.
Action potential - ANSWER-electrical signal sent down a neuron.
All-or-nothing principle - ANSWER-neuron fires fully or not at all.
