Cognitive supporting and conflicting evidence
Theory Supporting evidence Conflicting evidence
Multi-store model - Atkinson - Peterson + Peterson - HM procedural
and Shiffrin - blocking rehearsal memory intact, poor
loop stops holding episodic and
items in short term semantic, MSM may
store be too simplistic
- Miller - can hold - Clive Wearing could
7+/-2 items for 30 play piano but could
seconds not recall what his
- Bahrick - past kids were doing
students were asked - Some information
to recognise the goes straight into
names and faces in LTM without needed
their high school rehearsal e.g. big life
yearbooks. 80% events or random
could match names information
to faces, LTM has an
unlimited capacity
- HM intact STM but
LTM damaged
Working Memory Model - - Baddeley and Hitch - Central executive is
Baddeley and Hitch 1974 dual task unsatisfactory and
experiments 1976 - doesn't really explain
when ps performed a anything, needs to
visual and verbal be more clearly
task together (dual specified than just
task performance), simply being
performance on attention
each was no worse
than when they did
them separately, but
when performing two
visual tasks,
performance on both
declined
considerably. Visual
tasks compete for
the same slave
subsystem.
- Applied to exam
access
arrangements e.g.
extra time for those
with weaker WM
Reconstructive memory - - Bartlett 1932, ppts - Yuille and Cutshall -
Bartlett 1932 asked to read story real life EWT
and recall it after example, after
certain periods of shooting in a
time, some details shopping centre
changed to details witnesses were
Theory Supporting evidence Conflicting evidence
Multi-store model - Atkinson - Peterson + Peterson - HM procedural
and Shiffrin - blocking rehearsal memory intact, poor
loop stops holding episodic and
items in short term semantic, MSM may
store be too simplistic
- Miller - can hold - Clive Wearing could
7+/-2 items for 30 play piano but could
seconds not recall what his
- Bahrick - past kids were doing
students were asked - Some information
to recognise the goes straight into
names and faces in LTM without needed
their high school rehearsal e.g. big life
yearbooks. 80% events or random
could match names information
to faces, LTM has an
unlimited capacity
- HM intact STM but
LTM damaged
Working Memory Model - - Baddeley and Hitch - Central executive is
Baddeley and Hitch 1974 dual task unsatisfactory and
experiments 1976 - doesn't really explain
when ps performed a anything, needs to
visual and verbal be more clearly
task together (dual specified than just
task performance), simply being
performance on attention
each was no worse
than when they did
them separately, but
when performing two
visual tasks,
performance on both
declined
considerably. Visual
tasks compete for
the same slave
subsystem.
- Applied to exam
access
arrangements e.g.
extra time for those
with weaker WM
Reconstructive memory - - Bartlett 1932, ppts - Yuille and Cutshall -
Bartlett 1932 asked to read story real life EWT
and recall it after example, after
certain periods of shooting in a
time, some details shopping centre
changed to details witnesses were
