HUN1201-FSU MAIER
FINAL STUDY GUIDE 2026 EXAM QUESTIONS
WITH ACCURATE ANSWERS
What is a function of hydrochloric acid in the stomach?
a. It inhibits peristalsis
b. it neutralizes the food mass
c. it prevents relaxation of the lower esophageal sphincter
d. it absorbs water
e. it creates an optimum acidity - ANSWER-e. it creates an optimum acidity
The gastrointestinal microbiome is comprised primarily of ____.
a. probiotics
b. viruses
c. mucosa
d. bacteria
e. villi - ANSWER-d. bacteria
During digestion, bicarbonate is produced by_____,the purpose of bicarbonate is
to___________.
a. pancreas; neutralize pH
b. pancreas; decrease pH
c. small intestine; neutralize pH
d. liver; neutralize pH - ANSWER-a. Pancreas; neutralize pH
What is the function of mucus in the stomach?
a. it protects stomach cells from gastric juice
b. it neutralizes stomach acid
c. it activates pepsinogen to pepsin
d. it absorbs essential nutrients
,e. it emulsifies fats - ANSWER-a. it protects stomach cells from gastric juice
What is chyme?
a. a mixture of partially digested food, water, and gastric juices
b. healthy bacteria of the small intestine
c. a substance that allows for the emulsification of dietary lipid
d. an ulceration of the esophageal lining - ANSWER-a. a mixture of partially digested food,
water, and gastric juices
Fiber is absorbed in the small intestine
a. true
b. false - ANSWER-b. false
One function of the gallbladder is to ____.
a. reabsorb water and salts
b. removes toxins from the body
c. store bile
d. perform enzymatic digestion
e. produce bile - ANSWER-c. store bile
What structure prevents reflux of stomach contents?
a. upper esophageal sphincter
b. lower esophageal sphincter
c. pepsinogen
d. duodenum
e. gastric mucosa - ANSWER-b. lower esophageal sphincter
Which of the following is a feature of peristalsis?
a. It may occur unpredictably but is typically in response to a full stomach.
b. It occurs at powerful levels in the small intestine but not at all in the colon.
c. Its rate is consistent throughout the GI tract.
, d. It occurs when longitudinal muscles oppose the action of transverse muscles.
e. It is caused by alternate tightening and relaxing of circular and longitudinal muscles. -
ANSWER-e. It is caused by alternate tightening and relaxing of circular and longitudinal muscles.
One function of sphincter muscles is to ____.
a. secrete digestive juices into the GI tract
b. grind large food particles
c. trigger hormone release
d. control the passage of food through the GI tract
e. control peristalsis - ANSWER-d. control the passage of food through the GI tract
What is the function of bile?
a. It enhances absorption of complex carbohydrates.
b. It protects the stomach and small intestine from the action of hydrochloric acid.
c. It emulsifies fats.
d. It initiates digestion of protein.
e. It stimulates the absorption of vitamins and minerals. - ANSWER-c. It emulsifies fats.
Bile is produced by the:
a. stomach
b. gallbladder
c. pancreas
d. liver - ANSWER-d. liver
The hepatic portal vein empties into the ____.
a. liver
b. pancreas
c. spleen
d. heart
e. hepatic vein - ANSWER-a. liver
FINAL STUDY GUIDE 2026 EXAM QUESTIONS
WITH ACCURATE ANSWERS
What is a function of hydrochloric acid in the stomach?
a. It inhibits peristalsis
b. it neutralizes the food mass
c. it prevents relaxation of the lower esophageal sphincter
d. it absorbs water
e. it creates an optimum acidity - ANSWER-e. it creates an optimum acidity
The gastrointestinal microbiome is comprised primarily of ____.
a. probiotics
b. viruses
c. mucosa
d. bacteria
e. villi - ANSWER-d. bacteria
During digestion, bicarbonate is produced by_____,the purpose of bicarbonate is
to___________.
a. pancreas; neutralize pH
b. pancreas; decrease pH
c. small intestine; neutralize pH
d. liver; neutralize pH - ANSWER-a. Pancreas; neutralize pH
What is the function of mucus in the stomach?
a. it protects stomach cells from gastric juice
b. it neutralizes stomach acid
c. it activates pepsinogen to pepsin
d. it absorbs essential nutrients
,e. it emulsifies fats - ANSWER-a. it protects stomach cells from gastric juice
What is chyme?
a. a mixture of partially digested food, water, and gastric juices
b. healthy bacteria of the small intestine
c. a substance that allows for the emulsification of dietary lipid
d. an ulceration of the esophageal lining - ANSWER-a. a mixture of partially digested food,
water, and gastric juices
Fiber is absorbed in the small intestine
a. true
b. false - ANSWER-b. false
One function of the gallbladder is to ____.
a. reabsorb water and salts
b. removes toxins from the body
c. store bile
d. perform enzymatic digestion
e. produce bile - ANSWER-c. store bile
What structure prevents reflux of stomach contents?
a. upper esophageal sphincter
b. lower esophageal sphincter
c. pepsinogen
d. duodenum
e. gastric mucosa - ANSWER-b. lower esophageal sphincter
Which of the following is a feature of peristalsis?
a. It may occur unpredictably but is typically in response to a full stomach.
b. It occurs at powerful levels in the small intestine but not at all in the colon.
c. Its rate is consistent throughout the GI tract.
, d. It occurs when longitudinal muscles oppose the action of transverse muscles.
e. It is caused by alternate tightening and relaxing of circular and longitudinal muscles. -
ANSWER-e. It is caused by alternate tightening and relaxing of circular and longitudinal muscles.
One function of sphincter muscles is to ____.
a. secrete digestive juices into the GI tract
b. grind large food particles
c. trigger hormone release
d. control the passage of food through the GI tract
e. control peristalsis - ANSWER-d. control the passage of food through the GI tract
What is the function of bile?
a. It enhances absorption of complex carbohydrates.
b. It protects the stomach and small intestine from the action of hydrochloric acid.
c. It emulsifies fats.
d. It initiates digestion of protein.
e. It stimulates the absorption of vitamins and minerals. - ANSWER-c. It emulsifies fats.
Bile is produced by the:
a. stomach
b. gallbladder
c. pancreas
d. liver - ANSWER-d. liver
The hepatic portal vein empties into the ____.
a. liver
b. pancreas
c. spleen
d. heart
e. hepatic vein - ANSWER-a. liver
