BYU MMBio 221 Robinson Exam Study
Questions with Correct Answers
1. Clostridium botulinum - ANSWER Food born botulism
Infant botulism
Wound botulism
(The most potent poison known. Seven types (A-G) exist.
Treatment: administration of antitoxin, antimicrobial drugs used in cases of
infant botulism and wound botulism. Washing of intestinal tract
2. Listeria monocytogenes - ANSWER Meningitis
Infections from ingestion of contaminated milk or meat products
Listeriosis
No toxins or destructive enzymes.
Important: listeria can multiply at refrigerator temperatures
It moves in cells by polymerizing the cell actin
Treated with ampicillin
3. Mycoplasma pneumonia - ANSWER Primary atypical pneumonia or
walking pneumonia, symptoms or sore throat, disable and fever not typical
other pneumonias
Aerobic, adhesion to epithelia cells in respiratory tract (kills epithelial cell
spread by nasal secretions)
Granular appearance
No vaccine... yet
,4. Facilitated diffusion - ANSWER Poteen provides a pathway for diffusion
still passive
5. Osmosis - ANSWER Diffusion of water through a specific water channel
protein or phospholipid Byler
6. Active transport - ANSWER Use ATP to transport molecules across the
membrane
7. Uniport - ANSWER pump across the concentration gradient
8. Antiports - ANSWER Simultaneously transport two things in opposite
directions
9. Gram-positive - ANSWER Think peptidoglycan, Teichoic acids, purple
10.Gram-negative - ANSWER Thin pep layers, outer bilayer membrane w LPS
and prions, LPS= endotoxins, pink
11.Acid fast - ANSWER Wax like lipids, mycolic acid
12.Archaea - ANSWER Prokaryotic, no peptidoglycan cell walls, ring form
hydrocarbon chains not like normal bacteria
13.Mycoplasma - ANSWER -Bacteria with NO cell wall
-any group of small typically parasitic bacteria that lack cell walls and
sometimes cause diseases
, 14.Wavelength of radiation - ANSWER 550 nm
15.Resolution/resolving power - ANSWER Closest you can get two objects
and still see them a separate
Smaller distance =better resolution
16.Dark field microscopes - ANSWER Used for pale and thin living objects
Specimens bright on a dark background
17.Phase microscopes - ANSWER Used for living organisms
18.Fluorescent microscope - ANSWER Use chemical in five pathogens, direct
light is put on specimen the chemical absorbency the light and radiates
longer visible wavelengths
19.Confocal microscope - ANSWER Fluorescent dyes computer makes 3-D
image
20.Electron microscopy - ANSWER Tem- higher resolution inside the cell 2D
Sem- uses scattered e- as well outside cell 3D
21.Gram stain procedure - ANSWER Crystal violet, I will dine, acetone,
Safranin
22.Microbiological stains - ANSWER Salts with the cat ion and an ion and the
color chromophore
Questions with Correct Answers
1. Clostridium botulinum - ANSWER Food born botulism
Infant botulism
Wound botulism
(The most potent poison known. Seven types (A-G) exist.
Treatment: administration of antitoxin, antimicrobial drugs used in cases of
infant botulism and wound botulism. Washing of intestinal tract
2. Listeria monocytogenes - ANSWER Meningitis
Infections from ingestion of contaminated milk or meat products
Listeriosis
No toxins or destructive enzymes.
Important: listeria can multiply at refrigerator temperatures
It moves in cells by polymerizing the cell actin
Treated with ampicillin
3. Mycoplasma pneumonia - ANSWER Primary atypical pneumonia or
walking pneumonia, symptoms or sore throat, disable and fever not typical
other pneumonias
Aerobic, adhesion to epithelia cells in respiratory tract (kills epithelial cell
spread by nasal secretions)
Granular appearance
No vaccine... yet
,4. Facilitated diffusion - ANSWER Poteen provides a pathway for diffusion
still passive
5. Osmosis - ANSWER Diffusion of water through a specific water channel
protein or phospholipid Byler
6. Active transport - ANSWER Use ATP to transport molecules across the
membrane
7. Uniport - ANSWER pump across the concentration gradient
8. Antiports - ANSWER Simultaneously transport two things in opposite
directions
9. Gram-positive - ANSWER Think peptidoglycan, Teichoic acids, purple
10.Gram-negative - ANSWER Thin pep layers, outer bilayer membrane w LPS
and prions, LPS= endotoxins, pink
11.Acid fast - ANSWER Wax like lipids, mycolic acid
12.Archaea - ANSWER Prokaryotic, no peptidoglycan cell walls, ring form
hydrocarbon chains not like normal bacteria
13.Mycoplasma - ANSWER -Bacteria with NO cell wall
-any group of small typically parasitic bacteria that lack cell walls and
sometimes cause diseases
, 14.Wavelength of radiation - ANSWER 550 nm
15.Resolution/resolving power - ANSWER Closest you can get two objects
and still see them a separate
Smaller distance =better resolution
16.Dark field microscopes - ANSWER Used for pale and thin living objects
Specimens bright on a dark background
17.Phase microscopes - ANSWER Used for living organisms
18.Fluorescent microscope - ANSWER Use chemical in five pathogens, direct
light is put on specimen the chemical absorbency the light and radiates
longer visible wavelengths
19.Confocal microscope - ANSWER Fluorescent dyes computer makes 3-D
image
20.Electron microscopy - ANSWER Tem- higher resolution inside the cell 2D
Sem- uses scattered e- as well outside cell 3D
21.Gram stain procedure - ANSWER Crystal violet, I will dine, acetone,
Safranin
22.Microbiological stains - ANSWER Salts with the cat ion and an ion and the
color chromophore
