NUR 376
Week 3 Module 3A
Cardiac Part 1 of 2 Outline
Applied Pathophysiology - Concordia St. Paul
Pass the Exam with Confidence
, lOMoARcPSD|51648332
NUR 376 Applied Pathophysiology
Week 3 Module 3A Cardiac Part 1 of 2 Outline
by Rhaeven Ortiz
The cardiac system is as expansive as it is imperative; therefore, the module is broken into two parts. This outline will
focus on Chapters 15, 16, & 19. Ch. 15 & 19 will focus on arterial and venous disorders. Ch. 16 will focus on the
mechanical and electrical functions of the heart including pathological issues with each.
It is imperative that you watch the Khan Academy videos and Cardiac Output podcast for help with this module. Also,
please do the heart matching exercise after you have studied.
Rather than using the learning objectives as a guide, this outline is divided into chapters. Please refer to these learning
objectives as you go through the chapters:
● Describe the pathophysiology of arterial disorders including epithelial damage.
● Define and identify risk factors, pathophysiology, clinical presentation, and diagnosis of hypertension.
● Describe the concept of cardiac output and key symptoms found with dysfunction.
● Describe the presentation of patients with conditions impacting cardiac perfusion supply and demand.
● Differentiate between acute coronary syndrome and stable chronic coronary artery disease.
● Differentiate between Peripheral Artery Disease and Coronary Artery Disease.
● Identify how select dysrhythmias affect perfusion.
● Describe inflammatory processes and complications that can affect the heart.
● Understand pathophysiology, etiology, prevention, and clinical manifestations of venous disorders.
REV 0524/JP
1
Downloaded by Benjamin Luca ()
, lOMoARcPSD|51648332
Chapter 15 (covers a great deal of material)
o Review pages 330-335 (physiology of vessels, cardiac output, RAAS, BP regulation, stroke volume, Figure
15-4.
o Blood flow = Pressure of blood/Resistance of blood
o Cardiac Output (CO) = BP / peripheral vascular resistance (PVR) or CO x PVR = BP
Clinical Concept: Calcium channel blocker (CCB) medications block vasoconstriction of arteries and are used in the
management of elevated BP, also known as hypertension.
REV 0524/JP
2
Downloaded by Benjamin Luca ()
, lOMoARcPSD|51648332
Clinical Concept: Dysfunctional endothelium is seen in patients with coronary artery disease (CAD), diabetes mellitus,
hypertension, and hypercholesterolemia, as well as in people who smoke.
Clinical Concept: Turbulent blood flow often produces whooshing sounds called bruits that can be heard through the
stethoscope.
o Laplace’s Law
o In a healthy adult, approximately 70% of the blood in the left ventricle is ejected during systole; this volume
ejected per contraction is called the stroke volume (SV).
Clinical Concept: Normal CO at rest is approximately 5 liters blood/minute.
REV 0524/JP
3
Downloaded by Benjamin Luca ()
Week 3 Module 3A
Cardiac Part 1 of 2 Outline
Applied Pathophysiology - Concordia St. Paul
Pass the Exam with Confidence
, lOMoARcPSD|51648332
NUR 376 Applied Pathophysiology
Week 3 Module 3A Cardiac Part 1 of 2 Outline
by Rhaeven Ortiz
The cardiac system is as expansive as it is imperative; therefore, the module is broken into two parts. This outline will
focus on Chapters 15, 16, & 19. Ch. 15 & 19 will focus on arterial and venous disorders. Ch. 16 will focus on the
mechanical and electrical functions of the heart including pathological issues with each.
It is imperative that you watch the Khan Academy videos and Cardiac Output podcast for help with this module. Also,
please do the heart matching exercise after you have studied.
Rather than using the learning objectives as a guide, this outline is divided into chapters. Please refer to these learning
objectives as you go through the chapters:
● Describe the pathophysiology of arterial disorders including epithelial damage.
● Define and identify risk factors, pathophysiology, clinical presentation, and diagnosis of hypertension.
● Describe the concept of cardiac output and key symptoms found with dysfunction.
● Describe the presentation of patients with conditions impacting cardiac perfusion supply and demand.
● Differentiate between acute coronary syndrome and stable chronic coronary artery disease.
● Differentiate between Peripheral Artery Disease and Coronary Artery Disease.
● Identify how select dysrhythmias affect perfusion.
● Describe inflammatory processes and complications that can affect the heart.
● Understand pathophysiology, etiology, prevention, and clinical manifestations of venous disorders.
REV 0524/JP
1
Downloaded by Benjamin Luca ()
, lOMoARcPSD|51648332
Chapter 15 (covers a great deal of material)
o Review pages 330-335 (physiology of vessels, cardiac output, RAAS, BP regulation, stroke volume, Figure
15-4.
o Blood flow = Pressure of blood/Resistance of blood
o Cardiac Output (CO) = BP / peripheral vascular resistance (PVR) or CO x PVR = BP
Clinical Concept: Calcium channel blocker (CCB) medications block vasoconstriction of arteries and are used in the
management of elevated BP, also known as hypertension.
REV 0524/JP
2
Downloaded by Benjamin Luca ()
, lOMoARcPSD|51648332
Clinical Concept: Dysfunctional endothelium is seen in patients with coronary artery disease (CAD), diabetes mellitus,
hypertension, and hypercholesterolemia, as well as in people who smoke.
Clinical Concept: Turbulent blood flow often produces whooshing sounds called bruits that can be heard through the
stethoscope.
o Laplace’s Law
o In a healthy adult, approximately 70% of the blood in the left ventricle is ejected during systole; this volume
ejected per contraction is called the stroke volume (SV).
Clinical Concept: Normal CO at rest is approximately 5 liters blood/minute.
REV 0524/JP
3
Downloaded by Benjamin Luca ()
