PSYC 1F90 ( WEEK 8 ) EXAM QUESTIONS WITH CORRECT ANSWERS LATEST UPDATE
2026/2027
Define what psychological scientists mean by 'learning'. - Answers Relatively permanent
changes in behaviour (including skills) and knowledge
Associative and Observational Learning - Answers All about making associations between
things. Learning that things are connected
What are the two types of associative learning? - Answers 1. classical conditioning
2. operant conditioning
On which type of relationship is traditional Classical Conditioning focused? - Answers naturally-
occurring (existing) stimulus-response relationship
unconditioned stimulus (US) - Answers in classical conditioning, a stimulus that
unconditionally—naturally and automatically—triggers a response.
unconditioned response (UR) - Answers In classical conditioning, the unlearned, naturally
occurring response to the unconditioned stimulus (US), such as salivation when food is in the
mouth.
neutral stimulus (NS) - Answers in classical conditioning, a stimulus that elicits no response
before conditioning
Conditioned Stimulus (CS) - Answers in classical conditioning, an originally irrelevant stimulus
that, after association with an unconditioned stimulus (US), comes to trigger a conditioned
response.
Conditioned Response (CR) - Answers in classical conditioning, the learned response to a
previously neutral (but now conditioned) stimulus (CS)
classical conditioning - Answers a type of learning in which one learns to link two or more
stimuli and anticipate events
Provide one 'everyday' example of classical conditioning. - Answers ** SUBSTANCE ABUSE
Cigarettes (US) ---> Physiological response (craving; UR)
Friends living room (NS)--> No physiological response (craving)
Pait friends living room (NS) with cigarettes (US) repeatedly
Friends living room (CS) --> craving (CR)
operant conditioning - Answers a type of learning in which behavior is strengthened if followed
by a reinforcer or diminished if followed by a punisher
2026/2027
Define what psychological scientists mean by 'learning'. - Answers Relatively permanent
changes in behaviour (including skills) and knowledge
Associative and Observational Learning - Answers All about making associations between
things. Learning that things are connected
What are the two types of associative learning? - Answers 1. classical conditioning
2. operant conditioning
On which type of relationship is traditional Classical Conditioning focused? - Answers naturally-
occurring (existing) stimulus-response relationship
unconditioned stimulus (US) - Answers in classical conditioning, a stimulus that
unconditionally—naturally and automatically—triggers a response.
unconditioned response (UR) - Answers In classical conditioning, the unlearned, naturally
occurring response to the unconditioned stimulus (US), such as salivation when food is in the
mouth.
neutral stimulus (NS) - Answers in classical conditioning, a stimulus that elicits no response
before conditioning
Conditioned Stimulus (CS) - Answers in classical conditioning, an originally irrelevant stimulus
that, after association with an unconditioned stimulus (US), comes to trigger a conditioned
response.
Conditioned Response (CR) - Answers in classical conditioning, the learned response to a
previously neutral (but now conditioned) stimulus (CS)
classical conditioning - Answers a type of learning in which one learns to link two or more
stimuli and anticipate events
Provide one 'everyday' example of classical conditioning. - Answers ** SUBSTANCE ABUSE
Cigarettes (US) ---> Physiological response (craving; UR)
Friends living room (NS)--> No physiological response (craving)
Pait friends living room (NS) with cigarettes (US) repeatedly
Friends living room (CS) --> craving (CR)
operant conditioning - Answers a type of learning in which behavior is strengthened if followed
by a reinforcer or diminished if followed by a punisher
