MedConnoisseurj©j2022
,Chapterj01:jHealth:jAjCommunityjViewjNies:
Community/PublicjHealthjNursing,j8thjEdition
MULTIPLEjCHOICE
1. Whichjbestjdescribesjthejprimaryjreasonjthatj
Americansjarejconcernedjaboutjhealthjcare?
a. Politiciansjarejdiscussingjhowjtojimprovejhealthjc
are.
b. Thejmediajhasjprovidedjmixedjmessagesjaboutjthejh
ealthjcarejsystem.
c. Ourjnationaljhealthjcarejcostsjkeepjincreasing.
d. ThejnewjhealthjcarejsystemjoffersjfreejservicesjtojA
mericans.
ANS:j C
Thejprimaryjreasonjforjthejfocusjonjhealthjcarejisjthejconstantlyjincreasingjcosts,jwhichjcannotjb
ejsustained.jThejcostsjofjcaringjforjthejsickjaccountedjforjthejmajorityjofjescalatingjhealthjcarejd
ollars,jwhichjincreasedjfromj5.7%jofjthejgrossjdomesticjproductjinj1965jtoj17.8%jinj2015.jPoliti
ciansjandjthejmediajbothjinfluencejAmericans’jperceptionsjaboutjhealthjcare;jhowever,jtheyjarej
notjthejprimaryjreasonjwhyjAmericansjarejconcerned.jThejnewjhealthjcarejsystemjwilljchangejth
ejhealthjcarejaccessjandjavailability,jbutjwilljnotjnecessarilyjbejofferingjanyjfreejservicesjtojAme
ricans.
DIF: CognitivejLevel:jUnderstandj(Comprehension)
2. Ajnursejhasjbegunjtojlobbyjwithjpoliticiansjforjchangesjtojthejhealthjcarejsystem.jWhyjisjthisjinv
olvementjimportant?
a. Nurses,jasjcentraljcharactersjinjseveraljpopularjTVjseries,jarejcurrentlyjveryjvi
siblejinjAmericanjm ed iNa .
b. Nursesjarejprimarilyjresp onUsibS
le jfoNrjmTanagingOthe jvariousjunitsjinjourjhealthjcare
system.
c. Nursesjarejthejlargestjsegmentjofjhealthjcarejproviders.
d. Nursesjarejthejonlyjgroupjthatjisjemployedjbothjinsidejandjoutsidejofjhospitals.
ANS:j C
Asjthejlargestjsegmentjofjhealthjcarejproviders,jnursesjarejinformedjaboutjthejcurrentjhealthjcare
jsystemjandjalljthejproblemsjthatjresultjfromjpeoplejnotjseekingjcarejuntiljtheyjarejdesperatelyjill
.jNurses,jasjthejAmericanjNursesjAssociationj(ANA)jemphasize,jusuallyjbelievejthatjhealthjcar
ejisjajright,jnotjajprivilege.jTherefore,jnurses,jwhosejworkjisjcentraljtojourjcurrentjhealthjcarejdel
iveryjsystem,jcanjalsojbejinstrumentaljinjworkingjpoliticallyjtojcreatejajhealthjcarejdeliveryjsyst
emjthatjwilljmeetjhealthjneeds.jWhilejnursesjarejinjseveraljcurrentjTVjseriesjandjarejemployedjb
othjinsidejandjoutsidejofjhospitals,jphysiciansjandjotherjhealthjcarejprovidersjarejasjwell.jNursesj
arejoftenjmanagers,jbutjmanagersjoftenjhavejotherjbackgrounds,jsuchjasjbusinessjadministratio
n.
DIF: CognitivejLevel:jUnderstandj(Comprehension)
3. Whatjconclusionjcanjbejdrawnjfromjexaminingjwherejnursesjarejemployed?
a. Therejisjajtrendjtowardjconsolidationjofjhealthjcarejintojlargejcentraljmedical
MedConnoisseurj©j2022
, centers.
b. Therejisjanjincreasedjemphasisjonjcommunity-basedjhealthjcare.
c. Therejisjanjobviousjneedjtojdecreasejhealthjcarejcostsjbyjcuttingjpositions.
d. Managedjcarejorganizationsj(MCOs)jarejemployingjnursesjtojimprovejcustomer
relations.
ANS:j B
MCOsjarejemployingjnursesjinjmanyjcapacities.jAlthoughjhospitalsjarejclosingjandjacutejcarejisji
ncreasinglyjfoundjinjcentraljmedicaljcenters,jthejsamejtrendjmayjbejseenjinjanjincreasejinjneighb
orhood-
basedjpracticejcenters.jWhilejpositionsjarejcutjinjmostjindustries,jhealthjcarejisjrecognizedjasjanj
areajwherejgrowthjinjemploymentjisjexpected.jHowever,jnursesjarejincreasinglyjemployedjinjco
mmunityjsettingsjasjopposedjtojhospitals.jThisjchangejreflectsjthejmovejtowardjcommunity-
basedjcarejratherjthanjhospital-
basedjtertiaryjcare.jTojhelpjdecreasejthejcontinuedjrisejinjhealthjcarejcosts,jthejincreasedjemphas
isjisjonjdiseasejpreventionjratherjthanjhigh-costjtreatment.
DIF: CognitivejLevel:jUnderstandj(Comprehension)
4. Whichjethicaljbeliefjwouldjbejmostjhelpfuljinjthejcurrentjhealthjcarejcrisis?
a. Emphasisjshouldjbejonjindividualjandjcorporationjfreedomjinjthejmarketplace.
b. Emphasisjshouldjbejonjindividualjautonomyjandjfreedomjofjchoice.
c. Emphasisjshouldjbejonjsocialjjusticejandjcollectivejresponsibility.
d. Emphasisjshouldjbejonjthejeffectivenessjofjtechnologyjinjresolvingjproblems.
ANS:j C
Publicjhealthjrecognizesjthejnecessityjofjcollectivejactionjinjkeepingjthejenvironmentjsafejandjinj
egalitarianjtraditionjandjvision.jAnjoverinvestmentjinjtechnologyjandjseekingjofjcuresjwithinjthe
jmarketjjusticejsystemjhasjstifledjthejevolutionjofjajhealthjsystemjtojprotectjandjpreservejthejheal
thjofjthejpopulation.jAlthoughjindividualjautonomyjandjfreedomjofjchoicejarejimportant,jsojisjth
ejrecognitionjofjcollectivejresponsibilityjinjensuringjsocialjjustice,jwhichjentitlesjalljpeoplejtojba
sicjnecessities.
DIF: CognitivejLevel:jApplyj(Application)
5. WhatjisjthejprimaryjproblemjseenjinjHealthyjPeoplej2020’sjemphasisjonjchoosingjhealthyjlif
estylejbehaviors,jsuchjasjdailyjexercisejorjhealthyjfoodjchoices?
a. Emphasisjonjotherjlifestylejchoices,jsuchjasjnotjsmokingjandjminimaljusejofjal
coholjorjdrugs,jisjalsojneeded.
b. Alljofjusjmustjworkjtogetherjtojmakejunhealthyjbehaviorsjsociallyjunacceptable.
c. Itjcostsjmorejtojmakejhealthyjchoices,jsuchjasjbuyingjandjeatingjfreshjfruitsjandjve
getablesjasjopposedjtojquickjandjcheapjfast-foodjchoices.
d. Publicjpolicyjemphasizesjpersonaljresponsibilityjbutjignoresjsocialjandje
nvironmentaljchangesjneededjforjwell-being.
ANS:j D
Althoughjalljresponsesjarejaccurate,jthejprimaryjproblemjisjthejemphasisjonjpersonaljchoicesjinjt
hejHealthyjPeoplej2020jobjectives.jEmphasisjonjpersonaljchoicesjignoresjthejneedjforjcommun
ityjresponsibilityjandjactionjthatjaddressesjenvironmentaljorjculturaljrestraintsjtojhealth.
DIF: CognitivejLevel:jApplyj(Application)
6. WhatjresponsibilityjdoesjthejAmericanjNursesjAssociationj(ANA)jCodejofjEthicsjrequirejofjth
ejnursejbeyondjgivingjexcellentjcarejtojpatients?
MedConnoisseurj©j2022
, a. Acceptjlongerjworkjschedulesjtojensurejthatjprofessionaljcarejisjalwaysjavailable
tojclients.
b. Recognizejthejneedjforjexperiencedjnursesjtojmentorjnewjgraduatesjtojhelpjin
creasejandjexpandjthejnumberjofjprofessionalsjavailable.
c. Supportjhealthjlegislationjtojimprovejaccessibilityjandjcostjofjhealthjcare.
d. Volunteerjtojworkjovertimejasjneededjtojensurejmaximumjqualityjofjcare.
ANS:j C
ThejANAjCodejofjEthicsjpromotesjsocialjreformjbyjfocusingjonjhealthjpolicyjandjlegislationjtoj
positivelyjaffectjaccessibility,jquality,jandjcostjofjhealthjcare.jThejcodejdoesjnotjdirectlyjaddres
sjworkplacejissues,jsuchjasjworkjschedulesjorjneedjforjovertime.
DIF: CognitivejLevel:jAnalyzej(Analysis)
7. Whatjisjthejcommunityjhealthjnursingjdefinitionjofjhealth?
a. Healthjisjajperson’sjgoal-directedjpurposefuljprocessjtowardjwell-
beingjorjwholeness.
b. Healthjisjanjindividual’sjphysical,jmental,jandjsocialjwell-
being,jnotjmerelyjthejabsencejofjdiseasejorjinfirmity.
c. Healthjisjthejmutualjadaptationjbetweenjajpersonjandjhisjorjherjenvironmentjinjm
eetingjdailyjexistence.
d. Healthjisjfamiliesjandjaggregatesjchoosingjactionsjtojensurejsafetyjandjwell-being.
ANS:j D
Thejtextjstressesjthatjhealthjisjnotjjustjthejresultjofjanjindividual’sjchoices,jbutjchoicesjandjaction
sjofjindividuals,jfamilies,jgroups,jandjcommunitiesjthatjleadjtojbetterjhealth.
DIF: CognitivejLevel:jApplyj(Application)
8. Howjdoesjcommunityjhealthjnursingjdefinejcommunity?
a. Ajgroupjofjpersonsjlivingjwithinjspecificjgeographicjboundaries
b. Ajgroupjofjpersonsjwhojsharejajcommonjidentityjandjenvironment
c. Ajgroupjofjpersonsjwhoj workjtogetherjtojmeetjcommonjgoals
d. Ajgroupjofjpersonsjwhojresolvejajcommunityjconcern
ANS:j B
Communityjhealthjnursesjworkjwithjbothjgeopoliticaljgroupsj(withinjspecificjgeographicjbound
aries)jandjphenomenologicaljgroupsj(whojhavejajcommonjidentityjbasedjonjculture,jhistory,jorj
goals).jAjparticularjphenomenologicaljgroupjmayjorjmayjnotjhavejbeenjajplannedjgroup—
thatjis,jajgroupjthatjcamejtogetherjtojresolvejajrecognizedjcommonjproblemjorjtojmeetjajcommo
njgoal.jHowever,jofjalljthejchoices,jajgroupjofjpersonsjwhojsharejajcommonjidentityj(phenomen
ologicaljgroup)jandjenvironmentj(whichjimpliesjajspecificjgeographicjsetting)jisjthejbroadestjan
djmostjcompletejdefinition.
DIF: CognitivejLevel:jApplyj(Application)
9. Whichjvariablejhasjajmajorjinfluencejonjajcommunity’sjhealth?
a. Behaviorjchoicesjmadejbyjpersonsjinjthejcommunity
b. Numberjofjhealthjcarejprovidersjandjhospitalsjinjthejcommunity
c. Qualityjofjthejpublicjsafetyjofficersj(policejofficers,jfirefighters,jetc.)
d. Thejnumberjandjcredentialsjofjpublicjhealthjofficialsjinjthejcommunity
ANS:j A
MedConnoisseurj©j2022
,Chapterj01:jHealth:jAjCommunityjViewjNies:
Community/PublicjHealthjNursing,j8thjEdition
MULTIPLEjCHOICE
1. Whichjbestjdescribesjthejprimaryjreasonjthatj
Americansjarejconcernedjaboutjhealthjcare?
a. Politiciansjarejdiscussingjhowjtojimprovejhealthjc
are.
b. Thejmediajhasjprovidedjmixedjmessagesjaboutjthejh
ealthjcarejsystem.
c. Ourjnationaljhealthjcarejcostsjkeepjincreasing.
d. ThejnewjhealthjcarejsystemjoffersjfreejservicesjtojA
mericans.
ANS:j C
Thejprimaryjreasonjforjthejfocusjonjhealthjcarejisjthejconstantlyjincreasingjcosts,jwhichjcannotjb
ejsustained.jThejcostsjofjcaringjforjthejsickjaccountedjforjthejmajorityjofjescalatingjhealthjcarejd
ollars,jwhichjincreasedjfromj5.7%jofjthejgrossjdomesticjproductjinj1965jtoj17.8%jinj2015.jPoliti
ciansjandjthejmediajbothjinfluencejAmericans’jperceptionsjaboutjhealthjcare;jhowever,jtheyjarej
notjthejprimaryjreasonjwhyjAmericansjarejconcerned.jThejnewjhealthjcarejsystemjwilljchangejth
ejhealthjcarejaccessjandjavailability,jbutjwilljnotjnecessarilyjbejofferingjanyjfreejservicesjtojAme
ricans.
DIF: CognitivejLevel:jUnderstandj(Comprehension)
2. Ajnursejhasjbegunjtojlobbyjwithjpoliticiansjforjchangesjtojthejhealthjcarejsystem.jWhyjisjthisjinv
olvementjimportant?
a. Nurses,jasjcentraljcharactersjinjseveraljpopularjTVjseries,jarejcurrentlyjveryjvi
siblejinjAmericanjm ed iNa .
b. Nursesjarejprimarilyjresp onUsibS
le jfoNrjmTanagingOthe jvariousjunitsjinjourjhealthjcare
system.
c. Nursesjarejthejlargestjsegmentjofjhealthjcarejproviders.
d. Nursesjarejthejonlyjgroupjthatjisjemployedjbothjinsidejandjoutsidejofjhospitals.
ANS:j C
Asjthejlargestjsegmentjofjhealthjcarejproviders,jnursesjarejinformedjaboutjthejcurrentjhealthjcare
jsystemjandjalljthejproblemsjthatjresultjfromjpeoplejnotjseekingjcarejuntiljtheyjarejdesperatelyjill
.jNurses,jasjthejAmericanjNursesjAssociationj(ANA)jemphasize,jusuallyjbelievejthatjhealthjcar
ejisjajright,jnotjajprivilege.jTherefore,jnurses,jwhosejworkjisjcentraljtojourjcurrentjhealthjcarejdel
iveryjsystem,jcanjalsojbejinstrumentaljinjworkingjpoliticallyjtojcreatejajhealthjcarejdeliveryjsyst
emjthatjwilljmeetjhealthjneeds.jWhilejnursesjarejinjseveraljcurrentjTVjseriesjandjarejemployedjb
othjinsidejandjoutsidejofjhospitals,jphysiciansjandjotherjhealthjcarejprovidersjarejasjwell.jNursesj
arejoftenjmanagers,jbutjmanagersjoftenjhavejotherjbackgrounds,jsuchjasjbusinessjadministratio
n.
DIF: CognitivejLevel:jUnderstandj(Comprehension)
3. Whatjconclusionjcanjbejdrawnjfromjexaminingjwherejnursesjarejemployed?
a. Therejisjajtrendjtowardjconsolidationjofjhealthjcarejintojlargejcentraljmedical
MedConnoisseurj©j2022
, centers.
b. Therejisjanjincreasedjemphasisjonjcommunity-basedjhealthjcare.
c. Therejisjanjobviousjneedjtojdecreasejhealthjcarejcostsjbyjcuttingjpositions.
d. Managedjcarejorganizationsj(MCOs)jarejemployingjnursesjtojimprovejcustomer
relations.
ANS:j B
MCOsjarejemployingjnursesjinjmanyjcapacities.jAlthoughjhospitalsjarejclosingjandjacutejcarejisji
ncreasinglyjfoundjinjcentraljmedicaljcenters,jthejsamejtrendjmayjbejseenjinjanjincreasejinjneighb
orhood-
basedjpracticejcenters.jWhilejpositionsjarejcutjinjmostjindustries,jhealthjcarejisjrecognizedjasjanj
areajwherejgrowthjinjemploymentjisjexpected.jHowever,jnursesjarejincreasinglyjemployedjinjco
mmunityjsettingsjasjopposedjtojhospitals.jThisjchangejreflectsjthejmovejtowardjcommunity-
basedjcarejratherjthanjhospital-
basedjtertiaryjcare.jTojhelpjdecreasejthejcontinuedjrisejinjhealthjcarejcosts,jthejincreasedjemphas
isjisjonjdiseasejpreventionjratherjthanjhigh-costjtreatment.
DIF: CognitivejLevel:jUnderstandj(Comprehension)
4. Whichjethicaljbeliefjwouldjbejmostjhelpfuljinjthejcurrentjhealthjcarejcrisis?
a. Emphasisjshouldjbejonjindividualjandjcorporationjfreedomjinjthejmarketplace.
b. Emphasisjshouldjbejonjindividualjautonomyjandjfreedomjofjchoice.
c. Emphasisjshouldjbejonjsocialjjusticejandjcollectivejresponsibility.
d. Emphasisjshouldjbejonjthejeffectivenessjofjtechnologyjinjresolvingjproblems.
ANS:j C
Publicjhealthjrecognizesjthejnecessityjofjcollectivejactionjinjkeepingjthejenvironmentjsafejandjinj
egalitarianjtraditionjandjvision.jAnjoverinvestmentjinjtechnologyjandjseekingjofjcuresjwithinjthe
jmarketjjusticejsystemjhasjstifledjthejevolutionjofjajhealthjsystemjtojprotectjandjpreservejthejheal
thjofjthejpopulation.jAlthoughjindividualjautonomyjandjfreedomjofjchoicejarejimportant,jsojisjth
ejrecognitionjofjcollectivejresponsibilityjinjensuringjsocialjjustice,jwhichjentitlesjalljpeoplejtojba
sicjnecessities.
DIF: CognitivejLevel:jApplyj(Application)
5. WhatjisjthejprimaryjproblemjseenjinjHealthyjPeoplej2020’sjemphasisjonjchoosingjhealthyjlif
estylejbehaviors,jsuchjasjdailyjexercisejorjhealthyjfoodjchoices?
a. Emphasisjonjotherjlifestylejchoices,jsuchjasjnotjsmokingjandjminimaljusejofjal
coholjorjdrugs,jisjalsojneeded.
b. Alljofjusjmustjworkjtogetherjtojmakejunhealthyjbehaviorsjsociallyjunacceptable.
c. Itjcostsjmorejtojmakejhealthyjchoices,jsuchjasjbuyingjandjeatingjfreshjfruitsjandjve
getablesjasjopposedjtojquickjandjcheapjfast-foodjchoices.
d. Publicjpolicyjemphasizesjpersonaljresponsibilityjbutjignoresjsocialjandje
nvironmentaljchangesjneededjforjwell-being.
ANS:j D
Althoughjalljresponsesjarejaccurate,jthejprimaryjproblemjisjthejemphasisjonjpersonaljchoicesjinjt
hejHealthyjPeoplej2020jobjectives.jEmphasisjonjpersonaljchoicesjignoresjthejneedjforjcommun
ityjresponsibilityjandjactionjthatjaddressesjenvironmentaljorjculturaljrestraintsjtojhealth.
DIF: CognitivejLevel:jApplyj(Application)
6. WhatjresponsibilityjdoesjthejAmericanjNursesjAssociationj(ANA)jCodejofjEthicsjrequirejofjth
ejnursejbeyondjgivingjexcellentjcarejtojpatients?
MedConnoisseurj©j2022
, a. Acceptjlongerjworkjschedulesjtojensurejthatjprofessionaljcarejisjalwaysjavailable
tojclients.
b. Recognizejthejneedjforjexperiencedjnursesjtojmentorjnewjgraduatesjtojhelpjin
creasejandjexpandjthejnumberjofjprofessionalsjavailable.
c. Supportjhealthjlegislationjtojimprovejaccessibilityjandjcostjofjhealthjcare.
d. Volunteerjtojworkjovertimejasjneededjtojensurejmaximumjqualityjofjcare.
ANS:j C
ThejANAjCodejofjEthicsjpromotesjsocialjreformjbyjfocusingjonjhealthjpolicyjandjlegislationjtoj
positivelyjaffectjaccessibility,jquality,jandjcostjofjhealthjcare.jThejcodejdoesjnotjdirectlyjaddres
sjworkplacejissues,jsuchjasjworkjschedulesjorjneedjforjovertime.
DIF: CognitivejLevel:jAnalyzej(Analysis)
7. Whatjisjthejcommunityjhealthjnursingjdefinitionjofjhealth?
a. Healthjisjajperson’sjgoal-directedjpurposefuljprocessjtowardjwell-
beingjorjwholeness.
b. Healthjisjanjindividual’sjphysical,jmental,jandjsocialjwell-
being,jnotjmerelyjthejabsencejofjdiseasejorjinfirmity.
c. Healthjisjthejmutualjadaptationjbetweenjajpersonjandjhisjorjherjenvironmentjinjm
eetingjdailyjexistence.
d. Healthjisjfamiliesjandjaggregatesjchoosingjactionsjtojensurejsafetyjandjwell-being.
ANS:j D
Thejtextjstressesjthatjhealthjisjnotjjustjthejresultjofjanjindividual’sjchoices,jbutjchoicesjandjaction
sjofjindividuals,jfamilies,jgroups,jandjcommunitiesjthatjleadjtojbetterjhealth.
DIF: CognitivejLevel:jApplyj(Application)
8. Howjdoesjcommunityjhealthjnursingjdefinejcommunity?
a. Ajgroupjofjpersonsjlivingjwithinjspecificjgeographicjboundaries
b. Ajgroupjofjpersonsjwhojsharejajcommonjidentityjandjenvironment
c. Ajgroupjofjpersonsjwhoj workjtogetherjtojmeetjcommonjgoals
d. Ajgroupjofjpersonsjwhojresolvejajcommunityjconcern
ANS:j B
Communityjhealthjnursesjworkjwithjbothjgeopoliticaljgroupsj(withinjspecificjgeographicjbound
aries)jandjphenomenologicaljgroupsj(whojhavejajcommonjidentityjbasedjonjculture,jhistory,jorj
goals).jAjparticularjphenomenologicaljgroupjmayjorjmayjnotjhavejbeenjajplannedjgroup—
thatjis,jajgroupjthatjcamejtogetherjtojresolvejajrecognizedjcommonjproblemjorjtojmeetjajcommo
njgoal.jHowever,jofjalljthejchoices,jajgroupjofjpersonsjwhojsharejajcommonjidentityj(phenomen
ologicaljgroup)jandjenvironmentj(whichjimpliesjajspecificjgeographicjsetting)jisjthejbroadestjan
djmostjcompletejdefinition.
DIF: CognitivejLevel:jApplyj(Application)
9. Whichjvariablejhasjajmajorjinfluencejonjajcommunity’sjhealth?
a. Behaviorjchoicesjmadejbyjpersonsjinjthejcommunity
b. Numberjofjhealthjcarejprovidersjandjhospitalsjinjthejcommunity
c. Qualityjofjthejpublicjsafetyjofficersj(policejofficers,jfirefighters,jetc.)
d. Thejnumberjandjcredentialsjofjpublicjhealthjofficialsjinjthejcommunity
ANS:j A
MedConnoisseurj©j2022
