FMST 316 FINAL EXAM STUDY GUIDE
Testicles - Answers -- Produce hormones and sperm and store immature sperm
- For sperm production to occur and health to maintain, temperature must remain lower
than body temperature
This is why the testicles are outside the body
- Sperm is happiest at 34.5 degrees
- Cremaster muscle - muscle that surround the testicles and moves the testicle closer to
the body when it is cold
- During sexual arousal it will move up, but also if the man is feeling at risk of physical
injury
- Usually the left is descended further than the right testicle
The Ejaculate - Answers -- 3 -5mL of fluid: Carries 200-500 million sperm
- Only a few sperm unites with the egg ("the chosen ones")
- Very small amount is actually the sperm
- 70% of the ejaculate is seminal fluid, and the remaining 30% is from the prostate and
around 1% is the actual sperm
- Vasectomy does not affect the amount of ejaculation
Priapism - Answers -- continual, undesired, painful erection
- Permanent damage can occur if the erection does not subside
Peryronie - Answers -- disease is a noncancerous condition resulting from fibrous scar
tissue that develops on the penis and causes curved, painful erections.
- Penises vary in shape and size, and having a curved erection isn't necessarily a cause
for concern.
Clitoral Sensitivity - Answers -- Highly sensitive, especially the glans
- Glans contain just as much nerve endings as the penis, despite it being much smaller.
This makes it MORE sensitive because the nerve endings are more densely
concentrated
The Vagina - Answers -- Passageway for menstrual blood and for baby to leave the
body
8-13 cm long
- Angled
- Does not go straight up into the body
- It leans more towards the back
Important:
- Certain sexual positions won't work if a penis is not angled properly
- Tampons must be put in at an angle
, Structure
- Diagrams illustrate it as a hollow tube
- Unless something is inside it, the walls rest against each other
Think: "potential space"
Musculature
- Below the layer of tissue, there is a layer of muscle
- Muscle is more concentrated along the opening of the vagina
- Towards the back, the muscles are longitudinal and less tight
- Allows for expansion ability in the back of the vagina
Secretions
- During the day and night, the secretions keep bacteria or foreign matter from getting
further into the body
- Vagina is self-cleaning
Amenorrhea - Answers -- Not menstruating
- Sometimes caused by not enough estrogen production
- Not enough body fat
- Can also occur during extreme stress/illness
Two types:
1. Primary
- When a female of menstruating age has never had their first period
2. Secondary
- When a female of menstruating age WAS menstruating but then stopped without a
good explanation
Good explanation:
1. Pregnancy
2. Pre-menopausal
3. Birth control pills/birth control methods (ex: IUD)
Endometriosis - Answers -- Problem within the uterine lining
- Uterus cramps to try to pinch off tissue to come out as part of the menstrual blood
- Think: wet dog shaking off water
When some of the lining sheds, instead of traveling down the vagina, it travels into the
fallopian tubes and into the abdominal cavities
- Can be painful
- In addition to uterine cramping, cramping can occur elsewhere in the body since the
tissue has muscle memory
- 10-15% of Pre-menopausal women (15-50) experience endometriosis
- More common in younger women who have not had a baby
Treatment
- Go on a contraceptive that can stop menstruation
Testicles - Answers -- Produce hormones and sperm and store immature sperm
- For sperm production to occur and health to maintain, temperature must remain lower
than body temperature
This is why the testicles are outside the body
- Sperm is happiest at 34.5 degrees
- Cremaster muscle - muscle that surround the testicles and moves the testicle closer to
the body when it is cold
- During sexual arousal it will move up, but also if the man is feeling at risk of physical
injury
- Usually the left is descended further than the right testicle
The Ejaculate - Answers -- 3 -5mL of fluid: Carries 200-500 million sperm
- Only a few sperm unites with the egg ("the chosen ones")
- Very small amount is actually the sperm
- 70% of the ejaculate is seminal fluid, and the remaining 30% is from the prostate and
around 1% is the actual sperm
- Vasectomy does not affect the amount of ejaculation
Priapism - Answers -- continual, undesired, painful erection
- Permanent damage can occur if the erection does not subside
Peryronie - Answers -- disease is a noncancerous condition resulting from fibrous scar
tissue that develops on the penis and causes curved, painful erections.
- Penises vary in shape and size, and having a curved erection isn't necessarily a cause
for concern.
Clitoral Sensitivity - Answers -- Highly sensitive, especially the glans
- Glans contain just as much nerve endings as the penis, despite it being much smaller.
This makes it MORE sensitive because the nerve endings are more densely
concentrated
The Vagina - Answers -- Passageway for menstrual blood and for baby to leave the
body
8-13 cm long
- Angled
- Does not go straight up into the body
- It leans more towards the back
Important:
- Certain sexual positions won't work if a penis is not angled properly
- Tampons must be put in at an angle
, Structure
- Diagrams illustrate it as a hollow tube
- Unless something is inside it, the walls rest against each other
Think: "potential space"
Musculature
- Below the layer of tissue, there is a layer of muscle
- Muscle is more concentrated along the opening of the vagina
- Towards the back, the muscles are longitudinal and less tight
- Allows for expansion ability in the back of the vagina
Secretions
- During the day and night, the secretions keep bacteria or foreign matter from getting
further into the body
- Vagina is self-cleaning
Amenorrhea - Answers -- Not menstruating
- Sometimes caused by not enough estrogen production
- Not enough body fat
- Can also occur during extreme stress/illness
Two types:
1. Primary
- When a female of menstruating age has never had their first period
2. Secondary
- When a female of menstruating age WAS menstruating but then stopped without a
good explanation
Good explanation:
1. Pregnancy
2. Pre-menopausal
3. Birth control pills/birth control methods (ex: IUD)
Endometriosis - Answers -- Problem within the uterine lining
- Uterus cramps to try to pinch off tissue to come out as part of the menstrual blood
- Think: wet dog shaking off water
When some of the lining sheds, instead of traveling down the vagina, it travels into the
fallopian tubes and into the abdominal cavities
- Can be painful
- In addition to uterine cramping, cramping can occur elsewhere in the body since the
tissue has muscle memory
- 10-15% of Pre-menopausal women (15-50) experience endometriosis
- More common in younger women who have not had a baby
Treatment
- Go on a contraceptive that can stop menstruation
