LPN MEDICAL SURGICAL ATI NCLEX | Advanced Problem
Set Practice: Fully Solved Questions for Guaranteed Success
2025/2026
A nurse is caring for a client with arteriosclerosis. When reviewing the client's chart,
which of the following factors should the nurse realize is associated with the
development of arteriosclerosis?
Cholesterol level is 195 mg.
HDL serum levels are elevated.
LDL serum levels are elevated.
Cholesterol level is 135 mg. - correct answer LDL serum levels are elevated.
Elevated LDLs increases a client's risk for arteriosclerosis. The high lipoproteins should
be HIGH and the low should be LOW, and the very low should be VERY LOW.
At the start of the night shift, an assistive personnel (AP) brings the nurse a list of client
reports. Which client does the nurse need to check first?
The client with emphysema who is reporting dyspnea
The client with ulcerative colitis who is reporting diarrhea
The client with benign prostate hypertrophy (BPH) who is reporting dysuria
The client with laryngeal cancer who is reporting dysphagia - correct answer The client
with emphysema who is reporting dyspnea
Using the airway, breathing, and circulation (ABC) priority framework, the nurse should
check the client who is having difficulty breathing first. Dyspnea is a common report
from clients with emphysema, but the nurse realizes that this is the client with the
greatest physiologic risk.
A client in a community clinic tests positive on a Mantoux skin test but does not
demonstrate active lesions on a chest x-ray. When assisting with the development of
the plan of care for this client, the nurse should reinforce that isoniazid (INH) therapy will
have to be taken for which of the following time frames?
,For the rest of the client's life
Until the client has a negative sputum sample
Daily for approximately 1 year
Until the client has a non-reactive Mantoux - correct answer Daily for approximately 1
year
INH prophylaxis is taken for approximately 9 months to 1 year. However, in that time
frame, noncompliance is a major problem and has contributed to the development of
multiple medication-resistant strains of TB. The client will need to be monitored carefully
to ensure compliance for the duration of the treatment period.
Supportive therapy provided by the nurse for a client during a sickle cell crisis would
include which of the following?
Scheduling frequent walks
Applying cold compresses to painful joints
Administering NSAIDs
Encouraging the client to drink a lot of fluids - correct answer Encouraging the client to
drink a lot of fluids
Dehydration increases the viscosity of the blood which in turn increases sickling.
Encouraging fluid intake to promote hydration is an appropriate action.
The client's arterial blood gas (ABG) levels are pH 7.5, pCO2 32, bicarbonate (HCO3)
24. The nurse interprets that the client is in which of the following?
Respiratory alkalosis
Metabolic acidosis
Respiratory acidosis
Metabolic alkalosis - correct answer Respiratory alkalosis
Arterial blood gases are drawn to determine acid-base balance in the arterial blood.
Alkalosis is determined by measuring a high pH. The expected reference range for pH
is 7.35 to 7.45. This client measures 7.5. Also, respiratory versus metabolic origin is
, determined by analyzing the pCO2 measurement. When pCO2 is abnormally high or
low, this most often indicates a respiratory origin. Remember that the pCO2 expected
reference range is 35 to 45 mm Hg. This client measures 32 mm Hg.
A client is brought to the emergency department following a fall. The nurse, suspecting
a basilar skull fracture, should check the client for which of the following signs specific to
a basilar skull fracture?
A depressed fracture of the forehead
Clear fluid coming from the nares
Black-and-blue discoloration around the eyes
A superficial hematoma on the skull - correct answer Clear fluid coming from the nares
Clear fluid coming from the nares is associated with a basal skull fracture.
A client with chronic renal failure is undergoing peritoneal dialysis. Which nursing
measure will be helpful in promoting outflow drainage of the dialyzing solution?
Turn the client from side to side.
Elevate the height of the dialysate bag.
Apply manual pressure to the client's lower abdomen.
Push the peritoneal catheter in approximately 1 inch further. - correct answer Turn the
client from side to side.
Sometimes the peritoneal catheter is buried in the omentum, which will slow or stop the
outflow drainage. If the fluid is not draining properly, it is helpful to move the client from
side to side to facilitate removal of peritoneal drainage.
A nurse is completing the evening observations on a client in balanced skeletal traction
admitted the previous evening for a fractured left femur. Which observation should the
nurse report to the charge nurse?
Swelling and bruising of the thigh
Report of leg pain and at the pin site
Set Practice: Fully Solved Questions for Guaranteed Success
2025/2026
A nurse is caring for a client with arteriosclerosis. When reviewing the client's chart,
which of the following factors should the nurse realize is associated with the
development of arteriosclerosis?
Cholesterol level is 195 mg.
HDL serum levels are elevated.
LDL serum levels are elevated.
Cholesterol level is 135 mg. - correct answer LDL serum levels are elevated.
Elevated LDLs increases a client's risk for arteriosclerosis. The high lipoproteins should
be HIGH and the low should be LOW, and the very low should be VERY LOW.
At the start of the night shift, an assistive personnel (AP) brings the nurse a list of client
reports. Which client does the nurse need to check first?
The client with emphysema who is reporting dyspnea
The client with ulcerative colitis who is reporting diarrhea
The client with benign prostate hypertrophy (BPH) who is reporting dysuria
The client with laryngeal cancer who is reporting dysphagia - correct answer The client
with emphysema who is reporting dyspnea
Using the airway, breathing, and circulation (ABC) priority framework, the nurse should
check the client who is having difficulty breathing first. Dyspnea is a common report
from clients with emphysema, but the nurse realizes that this is the client with the
greatest physiologic risk.
A client in a community clinic tests positive on a Mantoux skin test but does not
demonstrate active lesions on a chest x-ray. When assisting with the development of
the plan of care for this client, the nurse should reinforce that isoniazid (INH) therapy will
have to be taken for which of the following time frames?
,For the rest of the client's life
Until the client has a negative sputum sample
Daily for approximately 1 year
Until the client has a non-reactive Mantoux - correct answer Daily for approximately 1
year
INH prophylaxis is taken for approximately 9 months to 1 year. However, in that time
frame, noncompliance is a major problem and has contributed to the development of
multiple medication-resistant strains of TB. The client will need to be monitored carefully
to ensure compliance for the duration of the treatment period.
Supportive therapy provided by the nurse for a client during a sickle cell crisis would
include which of the following?
Scheduling frequent walks
Applying cold compresses to painful joints
Administering NSAIDs
Encouraging the client to drink a lot of fluids - correct answer Encouraging the client to
drink a lot of fluids
Dehydration increases the viscosity of the blood which in turn increases sickling.
Encouraging fluid intake to promote hydration is an appropriate action.
The client's arterial blood gas (ABG) levels are pH 7.5, pCO2 32, bicarbonate (HCO3)
24. The nurse interprets that the client is in which of the following?
Respiratory alkalosis
Metabolic acidosis
Respiratory acidosis
Metabolic alkalosis - correct answer Respiratory alkalosis
Arterial blood gases are drawn to determine acid-base balance in the arterial blood.
Alkalosis is determined by measuring a high pH. The expected reference range for pH
is 7.35 to 7.45. This client measures 7.5. Also, respiratory versus metabolic origin is
, determined by analyzing the pCO2 measurement. When pCO2 is abnormally high or
low, this most often indicates a respiratory origin. Remember that the pCO2 expected
reference range is 35 to 45 mm Hg. This client measures 32 mm Hg.
A client is brought to the emergency department following a fall. The nurse, suspecting
a basilar skull fracture, should check the client for which of the following signs specific to
a basilar skull fracture?
A depressed fracture of the forehead
Clear fluid coming from the nares
Black-and-blue discoloration around the eyes
A superficial hematoma on the skull - correct answer Clear fluid coming from the nares
Clear fluid coming from the nares is associated with a basal skull fracture.
A client with chronic renal failure is undergoing peritoneal dialysis. Which nursing
measure will be helpful in promoting outflow drainage of the dialyzing solution?
Turn the client from side to side.
Elevate the height of the dialysate bag.
Apply manual pressure to the client's lower abdomen.
Push the peritoneal catheter in approximately 1 inch further. - correct answer Turn the
client from side to side.
Sometimes the peritoneal catheter is buried in the omentum, which will slow or stop the
outflow drainage. If the fluid is not draining properly, it is helpful to move the client from
side to side to facilitate removal of peritoneal drainage.
A nurse is completing the evening observations on a client in balanced skeletal traction
admitted the previous evening for a fractured left femur. Which observation should the
nurse report to the charge nurse?
Swelling and bruising of the thigh
Report of leg pain and at the pin site
