TCCC Review
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_h4yjeo
1. Which factors influence TCCC?: Hostile fire, tactical considerations, wounding patterns, environmental
considerations, level of first-responder training and experience, equipment constraints and the potential for significant
delays in evacuation.
2. What are the phases of care in TCCC?: Care Under Fire/Threat, Tactical Field Care, and Tactical
Evacuation Care.
3. What is the most essential treatment task in CUF?: Application of a limb tourniquet to
control massive bleeding.
4. What is every first responder's role in CUF?: Suppress hostile fire and/or establish scene safety,
assist in self-aid, and assist in moving casualties
5. What does MARCH PAWS stand for?: Massive bleeding, airway, respirations (breathing), circula-
tion, and hypothermia AND head injury, pain, antibiotics, wounds, and splints.
6. What type of tourniquet found in the CMC Aid Bag is used to control massive
hemorrhage in the axilla that is too proximal for effective limb tourniquet
application?: Junctional Tourniquet
7. When should you inspect your JFAK, CLS bag, CMC bag and other Service-spe-
cific medical kits?: Before, during, and after all training events and missions.
8. What is Care Under Fire?: care given by the first responder at the scene of the injury while they and the
casualty are still under effective hostile fire or near the threat.
9. What are the signs of life threatening bleeding?: • Bright red blood is pooling on the ground
• The overlying clothes are soaked with blood
• There is a traumatic AMPUTATION of an arm or leg
• There is pulsatile (pulsing) or steady bleeding from the wound
10. How long does it take to bleed to death from a complete femoral artery and
vein disruption?: 3 minutes or less
11. What are advantages and disadvantages of one-person drags?: • Advantages: only
one rescuer is exposed to enemy fire.
• Disadvantages: they are difficult to perform and can cause the rescuer to tire quickly.
12. What are advantages and disadvantages of two-person carries?: • Advantages:
they are useful in situations where drags do not work well and are quicker than most one-person carries.
• Disadvantages: they cause the rescuers to have a higher silhouette than most drags, and are hard to accomplish with
the added weight of rescuer's and/or the casualty's equipment.
, TCCC Review
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_h4yjeo
13. What is the difference between TFC and CUF?: care rendered once the combat medic/corps-
man and casualty are no longer under direct threat from effective enemy fire. This allows for the time and the relative
safety for a more deliberate approach to casualty assessment and treatment.
14. True or False: During TFC, the tactical situation could change back to CUF
again at any time?: True
15. What is triage?: the deliberate sorting of casualties and allocation of limited treatment resources according
to a system of priorities designed to maximize the number of survivors on the battlefield.
16. What is a CCP?: location on the battlefield for the triage, treatment and monitoring, and the packaging/stag-
ing of casualties for evacuation. The CCP should be established reasonably close to the fight where casualties are likely
to occur, be near natural "lines of drift", provide relative cover and concealment from the enemy whenever possible,
and have access to evacuation routes.
17. In which phase of care is most of the Tactical Trauma Assessment per-
formed?: Tactical Field Care
18. Why is it important to assess the casualty's mental status?: They may need to be
disarmed and to have communications equipment removed. Following their mental status throughout the assessment
may help responders identify changes in clinical status, leading to early casualty reassessment.
19. What is a blood sweep?: a rapid visual and palpable head-to-toe check of the front and back of the
casualty for any unrecognized life-threatening bleeding.
20. What is the proper distance a deliberate tourniquet should be placed from
the bleeding site in TFC?: A deliberate tourniquet placed in TFC should be 2-3 inches above (proximal) to
the site of bleeding.
21. What are the differences between the high & tight hasty tourniquets placed
in CUF and the deliberate tourniquets placed in TC?: The tourniquets placed in CUF are
typically placed over the uniform/clothing as high up on the extremity as possible, as time is very limited and the exact
site of bleeding may not have been identified.
In contrast, the tourniquets placed in FC are placed more deliberately after uniform clothing has been removed and
2-3 inches above the identified site of bleeding.
22. How long should direct pressure be applied onto packed hemostatic dress-
ings?: 3 minutes.
23. Why is it important to check the pulse after applying a pressure bandage?: A
pressure bandage should not be a tourniquet. It is important to check to ensure a pulse is still present distally after
, TCCC Review
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_h4yjeo
bleeding has been controlled by application of a pressure bandage. If no pulse is present the pressure bandage should
be loosened and reapplied.
24. What is inguinal junctional hemorrhage and how is it treated?: bleeding from
the large blood vessels at the junction where the lower extremities join the torso. Injuries to these junctional areas
are typically not amenable to a limb tourniquet and require other intervention. If available a CoTCCC-recommended
junctional tourniquet should be applied. If not available, the wound should be packed with hemostatic gauze and direct
pressure applied to the wound.
Application of an improvised pressure delivery device may be needed to apply additional, targeted, and sustained
pressure to control hemorrhage.
25. Injectable hemostatic agent is contraindicated in which types of wounds?: This
device is not indicated for use in thorax, pleural cavity, mediastinum, abdomen, retroperitoneal space, sacral space,
above the inguinal ligament, and tissues above the clavicle
26. What are the signs of an airway obstruction?: In cases of partial or complete airway
obstruction, the casualty may experience agitation, cyanosis, confusion or even unconsciousness, difficulty breathing
(dyspnea), or high-pitched breathing noises such as stridor, wheezing, snoring, or gurgling sounds.
27. What is the best position for a conscious casualty that is breathing on their
own?: Allow the conscious casualty that is breathing on their own to assume whatever position allows them to breathe
most comfortably.
28. When would you use an extraglottic airway?: On a casualty who is deeply unconscious and
needs an advance airway to ventilate (on their own or with assistance).
29. What are common errors when performing a cricothyroidotomy?: making the
initial incision too small, thereby limiting the ability to clearly visualize the cricothyroid membrane; identifying the
landmarks properly is difficult and commonly leads to incorrect placement;
"stabbing" when incising; not inserting a finger, once the membrane has been incised, to manually feel for the lumen
and tracheal rings.
30. What condition warrants oxygenation in
TFC according to the TCCC Guidelines?: Traumatic brain injury; maintain an oxygen saturation >90%
31. What is tension pneumothorax?: air enters the chest cavity through the wound with every inspi-
ration, but doesn't leave with expiration and is trapped, so every breath adds more air to the air space inside the rib
cage and outside the lung, and the pressure inside the chest builds up and causes the lung to collapse. Injured lung
tissue acts as a one-way valve, trapping more and more air between the lung and the chest wall. Pressure builds up
and compresses both lungs and the heart.
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_h4yjeo
1. Which factors influence TCCC?: Hostile fire, tactical considerations, wounding patterns, environmental
considerations, level of first-responder training and experience, equipment constraints and the potential for significant
delays in evacuation.
2. What are the phases of care in TCCC?: Care Under Fire/Threat, Tactical Field Care, and Tactical
Evacuation Care.
3. What is the most essential treatment task in CUF?: Application of a limb tourniquet to
control massive bleeding.
4. What is every first responder's role in CUF?: Suppress hostile fire and/or establish scene safety,
assist in self-aid, and assist in moving casualties
5. What does MARCH PAWS stand for?: Massive bleeding, airway, respirations (breathing), circula-
tion, and hypothermia AND head injury, pain, antibiotics, wounds, and splints.
6. What type of tourniquet found in the CMC Aid Bag is used to control massive
hemorrhage in the axilla that is too proximal for effective limb tourniquet
application?: Junctional Tourniquet
7. When should you inspect your JFAK, CLS bag, CMC bag and other Service-spe-
cific medical kits?: Before, during, and after all training events and missions.
8. What is Care Under Fire?: care given by the first responder at the scene of the injury while they and the
casualty are still under effective hostile fire or near the threat.
9. What are the signs of life threatening bleeding?: • Bright red blood is pooling on the ground
• The overlying clothes are soaked with blood
• There is a traumatic AMPUTATION of an arm or leg
• There is pulsatile (pulsing) or steady bleeding from the wound
10. How long does it take to bleed to death from a complete femoral artery and
vein disruption?: 3 minutes or less
11. What are advantages and disadvantages of one-person drags?: • Advantages: only
one rescuer is exposed to enemy fire.
• Disadvantages: they are difficult to perform and can cause the rescuer to tire quickly.
12. What are advantages and disadvantages of two-person carries?: • Advantages:
they are useful in situations where drags do not work well and are quicker than most one-person carries.
• Disadvantages: they cause the rescuers to have a higher silhouette than most drags, and are hard to accomplish with
the added weight of rescuer's and/or the casualty's equipment.
, TCCC Review
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_h4yjeo
13. What is the difference between TFC and CUF?: care rendered once the combat medic/corps-
man and casualty are no longer under direct threat from effective enemy fire. This allows for the time and the relative
safety for a more deliberate approach to casualty assessment and treatment.
14. True or False: During TFC, the tactical situation could change back to CUF
again at any time?: True
15. What is triage?: the deliberate sorting of casualties and allocation of limited treatment resources according
to a system of priorities designed to maximize the number of survivors on the battlefield.
16. What is a CCP?: location on the battlefield for the triage, treatment and monitoring, and the packaging/stag-
ing of casualties for evacuation. The CCP should be established reasonably close to the fight where casualties are likely
to occur, be near natural "lines of drift", provide relative cover and concealment from the enemy whenever possible,
and have access to evacuation routes.
17. In which phase of care is most of the Tactical Trauma Assessment per-
formed?: Tactical Field Care
18. Why is it important to assess the casualty's mental status?: They may need to be
disarmed and to have communications equipment removed. Following their mental status throughout the assessment
may help responders identify changes in clinical status, leading to early casualty reassessment.
19. What is a blood sweep?: a rapid visual and palpable head-to-toe check of the front and back of the
casualty for any unrecognized life-threatening bleeding.
20. What is the proper distance a deliberate tourniquet should be placed from
the bleeding site in TFC?: A deliberate tourniquet placed in TFC should be 2-3 inches above (proximal) to
the site of bleeding.
21. What are the differences between the high & tight hasty tourniquets placed
in CUF and the deliberate tourniquets placed in TC?: The tourniquets placed in CUF are
typically placed over the uniform/clothing as high up on the extremity as possible, as time is very limited and the exact
site of bleeding may not have been identified.
In contrast, the tourniquets placed in FC are placed more deliberately after uniform clothing has been removed and
2-3 inches above the identified site of bleeding.
22. How long should direct pressure be applied onto packed hemostatic dress-
ings?: 3 minutes.
23. Why is it important to check the pulse after applying a pressure bandage?: A
pressure bandage should not be a tourniquet. It is important to check to ensure a pulse is still present distally after
, TCCC Review
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_h4yjeo
bleeding has been controlled by application of a pressure bandage. If no pulse is present the pressure bandage should
be loosened and reapplied.
24. What is inguinal junctional hemorrhage and how is it treated?: bleeding from
the large blood vessels at the junction where the lower extremities join the torso. Injuries to these junctional areas
are typically not amenable to a limb tourniquet and require other intervention. If available a CoTCCC-recommended
junctional tourniquet should be applied. If not available, the wound should be packed with hemostatic gauze and direct
pressure applied to the wound.
Application of an improvised pressure delivery device may be needed to apply additional, targeted, and sustained
pressure to control hemorrhage.
25. Injectable hemostatic agent is contraindicated in which types of wounds?: This
device is not indicated for use in thorax, pleural cavity, mediastinum, abdomen, retroperitoneal space, sacral space,
above the inguinal ligament, and tissues above the clavicle
26. What are the signs of an airway obstruction?: In cases of partial or complete airway
obstruction, the casualty may experience agitation, cyanosis, confusion or even unconsciousness, difficulty breathing
(dyspnea), or high-pitched breathing noises such as stridor, wheezing, snoring, or gurgling sounds.
27. What is the best position for a conscious casualty that is breathing on their
own?: Allow the conscious casualty that is breathing on their own to assume whatever position allows them to breathe
most comfortably.
28. When would you use an extraglottic airway?: On a casualty who is deeply unconscious and
needs an advance airway to ventilate (on their own or with assistance).
29. What are common errors when performing a cricothyroidotomy?: making the
initial incision too small, thereby limiting the ability to clearly visualize the cricothyroid membrane; identifying the
landmarks properly is difficult and commonly leads to incorrect placement;
"stabbing" when incising; not inserting a finger, once the membrane has been incised, to manually feel for the lumen
and tracheal rings.
30. What condition warrants oxygenation in
TFC according to the TCCC Guidelines?: Traumatic brain injury; maintain an oxygen saturation >90%
31. What is tension pneumothorax?: air enters the chest cavity through the wound with every inspi-
ration, but doesn't leave with expiration and is trapped, so every breath adds more air to the air space inside the rib
cage and outside the lung, and the pressure inside the chest builds up and causes the lung to collapse. Injured lung
tissue acts as a one-way valve, trapping more and more air between the lung and the chest wall. Pressure builds up
and compresses both lungs and the heart.
