NUR 170 Concepts of
Medical-Surgical Nursing
Exam 1 Test Bank | Galen
College 2025/2026 Latest
Edition with Verified Q&A
Best indicator for fluid volume overload? - ANSWERS--Weight
Assessment for FVO - ANSWERS--- Bounding + increase pulse
- High BP
- Dyspnea, crackles, edema
- Decreased hematocrit, serum sodium, and urine specific gravity
Causes of FVO - ANSWERS--- ESRD, CHF, water intoxication, SIADH,
corticosteroid therapy, rapid fluid replacement
Treatment for FVO - ANSWERS--- Diuretics
- Fluid Restriction
- Salt restriction
- Monitor I&O's
intracellular fluid - ANSWERS--fluid within cells; 66%; 25 L
, Extracellular fluid - ANSWERS--- Fluid outside the cell; 33%; 15L
- Most important for homeostasis
Homeostasis - ANSWERS--- Proper functioning of all body systems
- Extracellular (intravascular and interstitial fluid)
Fluid balance - ANSWERS--- 2 to 3 liters a day
- urine output 400-600 ml per day
- increases during stress, fever and tachy
Fluid Volume Deficit (FVD) (dehydration) - ANSWERS--- Increased HR; decreased
B/P
- Lethargy; decreased UOP; dry mucous membranes; constipation; thirst
- Increased hemoconcentration; BUN; sodium; urine specific gravity
Causes of FVD - ANSWERS--vomiting, diarrhea, ileostomy, laxitives, burns, fever,
diuretics, GI suctioning and NPO
Interventions of FVD - ANSWERS--- Halt OTC
- Outdoor activity
- Weight gain/loss
- Diet habits
BUN and Creatinine are? - ANSWERS--Kidney markers and are sensitive to
decreased blood flow.
Normal BUN levels - ANSWERS--10-20 mg/dL
Normal creatinine levels - ANSWERS--0.6-1.2
BUN and creatinine rise when - ANSWERS--- Nitrogenous wastes are found in the
blood indicating kidney impairment.
- Also dehydration
Hypernatremia - ANSWERS--- Due to sodium loss, water gain, or inadequate intake
- Diuretics, Anticonvulsants, SSRI's
- Water Gain: CHF, SIADH, polydipsia
- Dehydration
- Common: Restlessness or agitation, anorexia, N/V, weakness, lethargy, confusion,
crave water
- Worst case scenario: Decreased LOC, seizures, coma
- Treatment: Fluids! PO/IV; what type of IVF?- - Nursing implications: Frequent VS,
Monitor neurologic status, Seizure/fall precautions, strict I/O's, assess skin/MM, oral
care, monitor labs
Hypokalemia - ANSWERS--- Not enough in: Inadequate K+ intake
- Too much out: GI fluid losses
- Depleting drugs: Diuretics, corticosteroids, insulin, excessive laxative use, albuterol
- Black licorice?
Medical-Surgical Nursing
Exam 1 Test Bank | Galen
College 2025/2026 Latest
Edition with Verified Q&A
Best indicator for fluid volume overload? - ANSWERS--Weight
Assessment for FVO - ANSWERS--- Bounding + increase pulse
- High BP
- Dyspnea, crackles, edema
- Decreased hematocrit, serum sodium, and urine specific gravity
Causes of FVO - ANSWERS--- ESRD, CHF, water intoxication, SIADH,
corticosteroid therapy, rapid fluid replacement
Treatment for FVO - ANSWERS--- Diuretics
- Fluid Restriction
- Salt restriction
- Monitor I&O's
intracellular fluid - ANSWERS--fluid within cells; 66%; 25 L
, Extracellular fluid - ANSWERS--- Fluid outside the cell; 33%; 15L
- Most important for homeostasis
Homeostasis - ANSWERS--- Proper functioning of all body systems
- Extracellular (intravascular and interstitial fluid)
Fluid balance - ANSWERS--- 2 to 3 liters a day
- urine output 400-600 ml per day
- increases during stress, fever and tachy
Fluid Volume Deficit (FVD) (dehydration) - ANSWERS--- Increased HR; decreased
B/P
- Lethargy; decreased UOP; dry mucous membranes; constipation; thirst
- Increased hemoconcentration; BUN; sodium; urine specific gravity
Causes of FVD - ANSWERS--vomiting, diarrhea, ileostomy, laxitives, burns, fever,
diuretics, GI suctioning and NPO
Interventions of FVD - ANSWERS--- Halt OTC
- Outdoor activity
- Weight gain/loss
- Diet habits
BUN and Creatinine are? - ANSWERS--Kidney markers and are sensitive to
decreased blood flow.
Normal BUN levels - ANSWERS--10-20 mg/dL
Normal creatinine levels - ANSWERS--0.6-1.2
BUN and creatinine rise when - ANSWERS--- Nitrogenous wastes are found in the
blood indicating kidney impairment.
- Also dehydration
Hypernatremia - ANSWERS--- Due to sodium loss, water gain, or inadequate intake
- Diuretics, Anticonvulsants, SSRI's
- Water Gain: CHF, SIADH, polydipsia
- Dehydration
- Common: Restlessness or agitation, anorexia, N/V, weakness, lethargy, confusion,
crave water
- Worst case scenario: Decreased LOC, seizures, coma
- Treatment: Fluids! PO/IV; what type of IVF?- - Nursing implications: Frequent VS,
Monitor neurologic status, Seizure/fall precautions, strict I/O's, assess skin/MM, oral
care, monitor labs
Hypokalemia - ANSWERS--- Not enough in: Inadequate K+ intake
- Too much out: GI fluid losses
- Depleting drugs: Diuretics, corticosteroids, insulin, excessive laxative use, albuterol
- Black licorice?
