Bio 2160 Crousillac Final Exam
Questions and Already Passed
Answers 2025-2026 Updated.
What three things are the kidneys primarily responsible for? - Answer Maintaining stability
of ECF volume, electrolyte composition, and osmolarity
What is the other function of the kidneys? - Answer They are the main route for eliminating
potentially toxic metabolic wastes and foreign compounds from the body
True or False: The main job of the kidneys is to produce perfect urine. - Answer FALSE. It is to
MAKE PERFECT BLOOD by filtering out impurities and making sure blood comp. is correct
What is responsible for maintaining the H20 Balance in the body? - Answer Kidneys
What does the urinary system consist of?(KUUU) - Answer Kidneys, Ureters, Urinary bladder,
Urethra
What is the Ureter? - Answer A smooth muscle-walled duct that carries urine to the urinary
bladder
What is the purpose of the bladder? - Answer To store urine
What is the urethra? - Answer A tube that carries urine from the bladder to the outside of
the body
True or False: The urethra is much longer in males than females. - Answer TRUE
What are the two functions of the urethra in men? - Answer Carry urine out of the Body and
semen from reproductive organs
What is a nephron? - Answer The microscopic structural and functional unit of the kidney
What is the dominant part of the vascular component of nephrons? - Answer The
glomerulus
What is the glomerulus? - Answer A ball of capillaries that filters blood as it passes through
,What is the tubular component made up of? - Answer A hollow fluid filled tube formed by a
single layer of epithelial cells (LEAKY for EXCHANGE)
What four basic processes does urine result from? - Answer Glomerular filtration, tubular
reabsorbtion, tubular secretion, concentration
Filtrate is formed during what renal process? - Answer Glomerular filtration
Fluid gets filtered from the glomerulus into ______. - Answer Bowman's Capsule
What is tubular reabsorption? - Answer Things going from the tubule to the capillaries(urine
to blood)
True or False: Tubular Reabsorption is a highly selective and variable process. - Answer TRUE.
What are the steps of tubular reabsorption? - Answer 1.Substance Leaves tubular fluid by
crossing luminal membrane of tubular cell
2.Passes through cytosol from one tubular cell to the other
3. Crosses basolateral membrane of the tubular cell to enter interstitial fluid
4. Diffuses through interstitial fluid
5. Penetrates capillary wall to enter blood plasma
What is passive reabsorption? - Answer No energy is required for the substance's net
movement
What is active reabsorption? - Answer Occurs if ANY ONE STEP of the ENTIRE PROCESS of the
substance's movement requires energy
True or False: If four of the five steps of tubular reabsorption are passive, then overall it is a
passive process. - Answer FALSE. One active step makes it all active
Is sodium reabsorption a passive or active process? - Answer ACTIVE
What is essential for Na+ reabsorption? - Answer An active Na+ - K+ ATPase pump in
basolateral membrane
, Of the total energy spent in the kidneys, what percent is used for Na+ transport? - Answer
80%
True or False: Na+ is NOT reabsorbed in the descending loop of henle. - Answer TRUE
How does water follow reabsorbed sodium? - Answer Osmosis, which affects blood volume
and blood pressure
What percent of sodium is reabsorbed in the proximal tubule? - Answer 67%
What role does the proximal tubule play in Na+ Re-absorption?(Reabsorbs GACHU) - Answer
Reabsorbs glucose, amino acids, H20, Chlorine, and Urea
What percent of Na+ is absorbed in the Ascending loop of henle? - Answer 25%
What role does the ascending loop of henle play in Na+ Reabsorption? - Answer Plays a
critical role in kidney's ability to produce urine of varying concentrations
What percent of sodium is reabsorbed in the distal and collecting tubules? - Answer 8%
What role do the distal and collecting tubules play in Na+ Reabsorption? - Answer Play a role
in regulating ECF volume
During tubular reabsorption, what is the most important thing reabsorbed? - Answer
SODIUM
What part of sodium reabsorption is active and which is passive? - Answer Overall it is
ACTIVE.
Lumen membrane is passive
Basolateral is ACTIVE
Capillary is passive
The active transport of sodium occurs when sodium _____. - Answer Crosses the basolateral
membrane
Glucose and amino acids are reabsorbed by what type of transport? - Answer Sodium
Dependent, Secondary Active Transport
Questions and Already Passed
Answers 2025-2026 Updated.
What three things are the kidneys primarily responsible for? - Answer Maintaining stability
of ECF volume, electrolyte composition, and osmolarity
What is the other function of the kidneys? - Answer They are the main route for eliminating
potentially toxic metabolic wastes and foreign compounds from the body
True or False: The main job of the kidneys is to produce perfect urine. - Answer FALSE. It is to
MAKE PERFECT BLOOD by filtering out impurities and making sure blood comp. is correct
What is responsible for maintaining the H20 Balance in the body? - Answer Kidneys
What does the urinary system consist of?(KUUU) - Answer Kidneys, Ureters, Urinary bladder,
Urethra
What is the Ureter? - Answer A smooth muscle-walled duct that carries urine to the urinary
bladder
What is the purpose of the bladder? - Answer To store urine
What is the urethra? - Answer A tube that carries urine from the bladder to the outside of
the body
True or False: The urethra is much longer in males than females. - Answer TRUE
What are the two functions of the urethra in men? - Answer Carry urine out of the Body and
semen from reproductive organs
What is a nephron? - Answer The microscopic structural and functional unit of the kidney
What is the dominant part of the vascular component of nephrons? - Answer The
glomerulus
What is the glomerulus? - Answer A ball of capillaries that filters blood as it passes through
,What is the tubular component made up of? - Answer A hollow fluid filled tube formed by a
single layer of epithelial cells (LEAKY for EXCHANGE)
What four basic processes does urine result from? - Answer Glomerular filtration, tubular
reabsorbtion, tubular secretion, concentration
Filtrate is formed during what renal process? - Answer Glomerular filtration
Fluid gets filtered from the glomerulus into ______. - Answer Bowman's Capsule
What is tubular reabsorption? - Answer Things going from the tubule to the capillaries(urine
to blood)
True or False: Tubular Reabsorption is a highly selective and variable process. - Answer TRUE.
What are the steps of tubular reabsorption? - Answer 1.Substance Leaves tubular fluid by
crossing luminal membrane of tubular cell
2.Passes through cytosol from one tubular cell to the other
3. Crosses basolateral membrane of the tubular cell to enter interstitial fluid
4. Diffuses through interstitial fluid
5. Penetrates capillary wall to enter blood plasma
What is passive reabsorption? - Answer No energy is required for the substance's net
movement
What is active reabsorption? - Answer Occurs if ANY ONE STEP of the ENTIRE PROCESS of the
substance's movement requires energy
True or False: If four of the five steps of tubular reabsorption are passive, then overall it is a
passive process. - Answer FALSE. One active step makes it all active
Is sodium reabsorption a passive or active process? - Answer ACTIVE
What is essential for Na+ reabsorption? - Answer An active Na+ - K+ ATPase pump in
basolateral membrane
, Of the total energy spent in the kidneys, what percent is used for Na+ transport? - Answer
80%
True or False: Na+ is NOT reabsorbed in the descending loop of henle. - Answer TRUE
How does water follow reabsorbed sodium? - Answer Osmosis, which affects blood volume
and blood pressure
What percent of sodium is reabsorbed in the proximal tubule? - Answer 67%
What role does the proximal tubule play in Na+ Re-absorption?(Reabsorbs GACHU) - Answer
Reabsorbs glucose, amino acids, H20, Chlorine, and Urea
What percent of Na+ is absorbed in the Ascending loop of henle? - Answer 25%
What role does the ascending loop of henle play in Na+ Reabsorption? - Answer Plays a
critical role in kidney's ability to produce urine of varying concentrations
What percent of sodium is reabsorbed in the distal and collecting tubules? - Answer 8%
What role do the distal and collecting tubules play in Na+ Reabsorption? - Answer Play a role
in regulating ECF volume
During tubular reabsorption, what is the most important thing reabsorbed? - Answer
SODIUM
What part of sodium reabsorption is active and which is passive? - Answer Overall it is
ACTIVE.
Lumen membrane is passive
Basolateral is ACTIVE
Capillary is passive
The active transport of sodium occurs when sodium _____. - Answer Crosses the basolateral
membrane
Glucose and amino acids are reabsorbed by what type of transport? - Answer Sodium
Dependent, Secondary Active Transport
