ACTUAL EXAM PAPER 2026 QUESTIONS WITH
SOLUTIONS
◉ Pre-operational Stage (Piaget). Answer: from 2 years to 7 years,
development of language, memory, and imagination (symbolically)
◉ Concrete Operational Stage (Piaget). Answer: from 7 years to 11
years, logical thinking
◉ Formal Operational Stage (Piaget). Answer: adolescence to
adulthood, abstract thoughts
◉ Physical Development. Answer: a developmental process that refers
to the physical growth of a person's body
◉ Cognitive Development. Answer: the development of thinking,
problem solving, and memory
◉ Piaget's Theory. Answer: Theory stating that children actively
construct their understanding of the world and go through four stages of
cognitive development.
, ◉ Vygotsky's Theory. Answer: A sociocultural cognitive theory that
emphasizes how culture and social interaction guide cognitive
development.
◉ Erikson's Theory. Answer: Theory that proposes eight stages of
human development. Each stage consists of a unique developmental task
that confronts individuals with a crisis that must be resolved.
◉ Trust versus Mistrust
(Erikson). Answer: Infants learn basic trust if the world is a secure place
where their basic needs are met
◉ Autonomy versus Shame and Doubt (Erikson). Answer: Erikson's
second crisis of psychosocial development. Toddlers either succeed or
fail in gaining a sense of self-rule over their actions and their bodies.
◉ Initiative versus Guilt (Erikson). Answer: Pre-school children
initiating activities and asserting control.
◉ Industry versus Inferiority (Erikson). Answer: The fourth of Erikson's
eight psychosocial crises, during which children attempt to master many
skills, developing a sense of themselves as either industrious or inferior,
competent or incompetent.