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ENVIRONMENTAL GEOLOGY EXAM 1 LATEST UPDATE -2026-
100+ QUESTIONS AND VERIFIED ANSWERS ALL THE BEST
land ethic
Ethic that affirms the right of all resources, including plants, animals, and earth
materials, to continue existence and, at lease in some locations, continued
existence in a natural state
sea floor spreading
the plate tectonics concept that new crust is continuously added to the edges of
the lithospheric plates at divergent plate boundaries as a result of upwelling of
magma along mid oceanic ridges
input-output analysis
A type of systems analysis in which rates of input and output are calculated an
compared.
Environmental Unity
A principle of environmental studies that states that everything is connected to
everything else
Uniformitarianism
Concept that present is the key to the past; that is, we can read the geologic
record by studying present processes.
the structure of the earth
crust-mantle-outer core- inner core
Inner core
, 2
primarily metallic, composed mostly of iron with minor amounts of sulfur, oxygen,
and nickel. completely solid
Outer core
liquid with composition similar to the inner core
Mantle
thick, surrounds the outer core, mostly solid. Primarily iron, and magnesium-rich
silicates
Crust
variable thickness , outer rock layer
Mohorovicic discontinuity
boundary between the mantle and the crust
isostasy
mountains/glaciers push down on the mantle creating a bend. After mountains
erode and glaciers melt, the mantle goes back to an equilibrium.
Igneous
rocks formed from solidification of magma
Intrusive igneous rock
igneous rock that forms when magma solidifies below the surface of earth-
creates big crystals
Extrusive igneous rock
Igneous rock that forms when magma solidifies above ground- creates small
crystals
Metamorphic rock
a rock formed from preexisting rock by the effects of heat, pressure, and
chemically active fluids beneath earth's surface.
ENVIRONMENTAL GEOLOGY EXAM 1 LATEST UPDATE -2026-
100+ QUESTIONS AND VERIFIED ANSWERS ALL THE BEST
land ethic
Ethic that affirms the right of all resources, including plants, animals, and earth
materials, to continue existence and, at lease in some locations, continued
existence in a natural state
sea floor spreading
the plate tectonics concept that new crust is continuously added to the edges of
the lithospheric plates at divergent plate boundaries as a result of upwelling of
magma along mid oceanic ridges
input-output analysis
A type of systems analysis in which rates of input and output are calculated an
compared.
Environmental Unity
A principle of environmental studies that states that everything is connected to
everything else
Uniformitarianism
Concept that present is the key to the past; that is, we can read the geologic
record by studying present processes.
the structure of the earth
crust-mantle-outer core- inner core
Inner core
, 2
primarily metallic, composed mostly of iron with minor amounts of sulfur, oxygen,
and nickel. completely solid
Outer core
liquid with composition similar to the inner core
Mantle
thick, surrounds the outer core, mostly solid. Primarily iron, and magnesium-rich
silicates
Crust
variable thickness , outer rock layer
Mohorovicic discontinuity
boundary between the mantle and the crust
isostasy
mountains/glaciers push down on the mantle creating a bend. After mountains
erode and glaciers melt, the mantle goes back to an equilibrium.
Igneous
rocks formed from solidification of magma
Intrusive igneous rock
igneous rock that forms when magma solidifies below the surface of earth-
creates big crystals
Extrusive igneous rock
Igneous rock that forms when magma solidifies above ground- creates small
crystals
Metamorphic rock
a rock formed from preexisting rock by the effects of heat, pressure, and
chemically active fluids beneath earth's surface.
