Texas Optometrist Licensing Exam
(NBEO) With Actual Questions &
Verified Answers, Plus Explained
Rationales/Expert Verified For
Guaranteed 100% Pass 2026/Latest
Update/Instant Download Pdf
1. Which structure is primarily responsible for aqueous humor
production?
A. Lens
B. Cornea
C. Ciliary body
D. Iris
C. Ciliary body
The ciliary body produces aqueous humor through the non-pigmented
epithelium. The aqueous then flows from the posterior chamber
through the pupil into the anterior chamber.
2. What is the main function of the retinal pigment epithelium
(RPE)?
A. Phototransduction
B. Nutrient transport and phagocytosis
C. Generating action potentials
D. Refraction of light
,B. Nutrient transport and phagocytosis
The RPE supports photoreceptors by transporting nutrients, removing
waste, and phagocytizing shed photoreceptor outer segments.
3. Which of the following is the most common cause of acute angle-
closure glaucoma?
A. Trauma
B. Pupillary block
C. Retinal detachment
D. Uveitis
B. Pupillary block
Acute angle-closure glaucoma usually occurs due to pupillary block,
where aqueous humor cannot flow from the posterior to the anterior
chamber, increasing IOP rapidly.
4. A patient presents with a red eye, tearing, and a follicular
reaction. The most likely etiology is:
A. Bacterial conjunctivitis
B. Viral conjunctivitis
C. Allergic conjunctivitis
D. Uveitis
B. Viral conjunctivitis
Viral conjunctivitis, often adenoviral, presents with watery discharge,
follicular conjunctival reaction, and preauricular lymphadenopathy.
5. The most common refractive error in infants is:
A. Myopia
B. Hyperopia
C. Astigmatism
D. Presbyopia
,B. Hyperopia
Infants are generally hyperopic because the axial length is shorter at
birth, and it gradually elongates as the eye grows.
6. Which cranial nerve controls the superior oblique muscle?
A. CN III
B. CN IV
C. CN V
D. CN VI
B. CN IV
The trochlear nerve (CN IV) innervates the superior oblique muscle,
which intorts and depresses the eye in adduction.
7. Which layer of the cornea provides most of its tensile strength?
A. Epithelium
B. Bowman's layer
C. Stroma
D. Descemet’s membrane
C. Stroma
The corneal stroma, composed of regularly arranged collagen
lamellae, accounts for about 90% of corneal thickness and provides
structural integrity.
8. What is the hallmark sign of optic neuritis?
A. Gradual peripheral vision loss
B. Sudden, painful loss of central vision
C. Floaters
D. Photophobia
B. Sudden, painful loss of central vision
Optic neuritis commonly presents with acute, painful central vision
, loss, often associated with demyelinating diseases like multiple
sclerosis.
9. Which test is most sensitive for detecting early diabetic
retinopathy?
A. Fundus photography
B. Fluorescein angiography
C. Visual acuity testing
D. Slit-lamp examination
B. Fluorescein angiography
Fluorescein angiography can detect microaneurysms, capillary non-
perfusion, and subtle leakage before changes are clinically apparent
on fundoscopy.
10. Amblyopia treatment is most effective when initiated:
A. After age 10
B. Before age 7
C. During teenage years
D. At any age
B. Before age 7
Early treatment of amblyopia, especially before age 7, is most
effective due to greater neuroplasticity in the visual cortex.
11. The main difference between open-angle and closed-angle
glaucoma is:
A. Age of onset
B. Pathophysiology of aqueous outflow
C. Color vision changes
D. Retinal detachment risk
B. Pathophysiology of aqueous outflow
Open-angle glaucoma is due to decreased trabecular meshwork
(NBEO) With Actual Questions &
Verified Answers, Plus Explained
Rationales/Expert Verified For
Guaranteed 100% Pass 2026/Latest
Update/Instant Download Pdf
1. Which structure is primarily responsible for aqueous humor
production?
A. Lens
B. Cornea
C. Ciliary body
D. Iris
C. Ciliary body
The ciliary body produces aqueous humor through the non-pigmented
epithelium. The aqueous then flows from the posterior chamber
through the pupil into the anterior chamber.
2. What is the main function of the retinal pigment epithelium
(RPE)?
A. Phototransduction
B. Nutrient transport and phagocytosis
C. Generating action potentials
D. Refraction of light
,B. Nutrient transport and phagocytosis
The RPE supports photoreceptors by transporting nutrients, removing
waste, and phagocytizing shed photoreceptor outer segments.
3. Which of the following is the most common cause of acute angle-
closure glaucoma?
A. Trauma
B. Pupillary block
C. Retinal detachment
D. Uveitis
B. Pupillary block
Acute angle-closure glaucoma usually occurs due to pupillary block,
where aqueous humor cannot flow from the posterior to the anterior
chamber, increasing IOP rapidly.
4. A patient presents with a red eye, tearing, and a follicular
reaction. The most likely etiology is:
A. Bacterial conjunctivitis
B. Viral conjunctivitis
C. Allergic conjunctivitis
D. Uveitis
B. Viral conjunctivitis
Viral conjunctivitis, often adenoviral, presents with watery discharge,
follicular conjunctival reaction, and preauricular lymphadenopathy.
5. The most common refractive error in infants is:
A. Myopia
B. Hyperopia
C. Astigmatism
D. Presbyopia
,B. Hyperopia
Infants are generally hyperopic because the axial length is shorter at
birth, and it gradually elongates as the eye grows.
6. Which cranial nerve controls the superior oblique muscle?
A. CN III
B. CN IV
C. CN V
D. CN VI
B. CN IV
The trochlear nerve (CN IV) innervates the superior oblique muscle,
which intorts and depresses the eye in adduction.
7. Which layer of the cornea provides most of its tensile strength?
A. Epithelium
B. Bowman's layer
C. Stroma
D. Descemet’s membrane
C. Stroma
The corneal stroma, composed of regularly arranged collagen
lamellae, accounts for about 90% of corneal thickness and provides
structural integrity.
8. What is the hallmark sign of optic neuritis?
A. Gradual peripheral vision loss
B. Sudden, painful loss of central vision
C. Floaters
D. Photophobia
B. Sudden, painful loss of central vision
Optic neuritis commonly presents with acute, painful central vision
, loss, often associated with demyelinating diseases like multiple
sclerosis.
9. Which test is most sensitive for detecting early diabetic
retinopathy?
A. Fundus photography
B. Fluorescein angiography
C. Visual acuity testing
D. Slit-lamp examination
B. Fluorescein angiography
Fluorescein angiography can detect microaneurysms, capillary non-
perfusion, and subtle leakage before changes are clinically apparent
on fundoscopy.
10. Amblyopia treatment is most effective when initiated:
A. After age 10
B. Before age 7
C. During teenage years
D. At any age
B. Before age 7
Early treatment of amblyopia, especially before age 7, is most
effective due to greater neuroplasticity in the visual cortex.
11. The main difference between open-angle and closed-angle
glaucoma is:
A. Age of onset
B. Pathophysiology of aqueous outflow
C. Color vision changes
D. Retinal detachment risk
B. Pathophysiology of aqueous outflow
Open-angle glaucoma is due to decreased trabecular meshwork
