PC707 Module 4 Cardiac 2026 Exam
Questions and Answers | A+ Score
Assured
What is BP? - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔-Peripheral vascular resistance X Cardiac
Output
What is Cardiac output? - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔-Stroke volume X Heart rate
What is something important to screen for in the elderly in relation to blood
pressure? - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔-screen for orthostatic hypotension
Blood pressure stages: - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔-Normal *<120/<80*
-Elevated *120-129/80-89*
-Stage 1 *130-139/80-89*
,-Stage 2 *>140/>90*
When do we treat high blood pressure? Are medications the only treatment
option? - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔-Depends on a variety of risk factors.
-Initiate medications sooner if high cardiovascular risk
-Lifestyle modifications are extremely important to remember first* (DASH
diet, exercise, limiting alcohol, weight loss if appropriate, stress
management)
What are the available drugs for treating HTN after lifestyle modifications? -
🧠 ANSWER ✔✔-Diuretics (Thiazides or Loops)
-ACE inhibitors
-ARBs
-Calcium channel blockers (CCBs)
-Aldosterone receptor antagonists (Potassium sparing diuretic)
-Alpha-1 Blockers/Antagonists
-Beta Adrenergic Blockers
-Vasodilators
,How do thiazide diuretics work? - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔-promotes sodium &
water excretion by inhibiting sodium reabsorption
-potassium loss*
-*weak* diuretic effect
-mostly used as an "add on" drug
-used for HTN & volume overload
-Ex: Chlorthalidone is preferred in this class due to long half-life & proven to
decreased CVD risk*
--thiazides work very well in African Americans*
Side effects & contraindications for thiazides? - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔S/E-->
hyperglycemia (careful with DM), hyperuricemia (careful with gout),
hypertriglyceridemia & hypercholesteremia (monitor lipid levels),
HYPOkalemia (increased risk for cardiac arrhythmias), hyponatremia,
erectile dysfunction
Contraindications-->sulfa allergies (contains sulfa), significant renal
impairement (anuria), and pre-existing hypokalemia*
COPYRIGHT©NINJANERD 2025/2026. YEAR PUBLISHED 2025. COMPANY REGISTRATION NUMBER: 619652435. TERMS OF USE. PRIVACY
STATEMENT. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED
3
, What are potential benefit to women using thiazide diuretics other than
intended use? - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔-may help protect women against post-
menopausal osteoporosis because it can be calcium sparing*
How do ACE inhibitors work? - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔-ACE is an enzyme needed
to convert angiotensin 1 to angiotensin 2
-ACE inhibitors block this conversion
-Angiotensin 2 is a POTENT vasoconstrictor--so blocking this helps with
vasodilation
-Angiotensin 2 also stimulates the release of Aldosterone (which causes
sodium & water reabsorption and potassium loss)
-Blocking Aldosterone--causes sodium and water excretion and potassium
absorption*
What is bradykinin? What is its role in causing a particular side effect in
ACE inhibitors? - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔-Bradykinin is an inflammatory mediator
that causes vasodilation, cough, and potential angioedema
-ACE decreases bradykinin levels
-So when ACE is inhibited--bradykinin levels can RISE--therefore causing
the unwanted side effects of dry, hacky cough & the risk for angioedema
Questions and Answers | A+ Score
Assured
What is BP? - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔-Peripheral vascular resistance X Cardiac
Output
What is Cardiac output? - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔-Stroke volume X Heart rate
What is something important to screen for in the elderly in relation to blood
pressure? - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔-screen for orthostatic hypotension
Blood pressure stages: - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔-Normal *<120/<80*
-Elevated *120-129/80-89*
-Stage 1 *130-139/80-89*
,-Stage 2 *>140/>90*
When do we treat high blood pressure? Are medications the only treatment
option? - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔-Depends on a variety of risk factors.
-Initiate medications sooner if high cardiovascular risk
-Lifestyle modifications are extremely important to remember first* (DASH
diet, exercise, limiting alcohol, weight loss if appropriate, stress
management)
What are the available drugs for treating HTN after lifestyle modifications? -
🧠 ANSWER ✔✔-Diuretics (Thiazides or Loops)
-ACE inhibitors
-ARBs
-Calcium channel blockers (CCBs)
-Aldosterone receptor antagonists (Potassium sparing diuretic)
-Alpha-1 Blockers/Antagonists
-Beta Adrenergic Blockers
-Vasodilators
,How do thiazide diuretics work? - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔-promotes sodium &
water excretion by inhibiting sodium reabsorption
-potassium loss*
-*weak* diuretic effect
-mostly used as an "add on" drug
-used for HTN & volume overload
-Ex: Chlorthalidone is preferred in this class due to long half-life & proven to
decreased CVD risk*
--thiazides work very well in African Americans*
Side effects & contraindications for thiazides? - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔S/E-->
hyperglycemia (careful with DM), hyperuricemia (careful with gout),
hypertriglyceridemia & hypercholesteremia (monitor lipid levels),
HYPOkalemia (increased risk for cardiac arrhythmias), hyponatremia,
erectile dysfunction
Contraindications-->sulfa allergies (contains sulfa), significant renal
impairement (anuria), and pre-existing hypokalemia*
COPYRIGHT©NINJANERD 2025/2026. YEAR PUBLISHED 2025. COMPANY REGISTRATION NUMBER: 619652435. TERMS OF USE. PRIVACY
STATEMENT. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED
3
, What are potential benefit to women using thiazide diuretics other than
intended use? - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔-may help protect women against post-
menopausal osteoporosis because it can be calcium sparing*
How do ACE inhibitors work? - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔-ACE is an enzyme needed
to convert angiotensin 1 to angiotensin 2
-ACE inhibitors block this conversion
-Angiotensin 2 is a POTENT vasoconstrictor--so blocking this helps with
vasodilation
-Angiotensin 2 also stimulates the release of Aldosterone (which causes
sodium & water reabsorption and potassium loss)
-Blocking Aldosterone--causes sodium and water excretion and potassium
absorption*
What is bradykinin? What is its role in causing a particular side effect in
ACE inhibitors? - 🧠 ANSWER ✔✔-Bradykinin is an inflammatory mediator
that causes vasodilation, cough, and potential angioedema
-ACE decreases bradykinin levels
-So when ACE is inhibited--bradykinin levels can RISE--therefore causing
the unwanted side effects of dry, hacky cough & the risk for angioedema
