NURS 407
NURS 407 Exam 4 Study Questions and Answers 2026-2027
BUN
10-20
Typical urine output
An infant: 500-600 mL/ day
A toddler/2-year-old: 500-780 ml/day
A 5 to 8-year-old: 600-1200 mL/day
A 9 to 14-year-old: 1000-1500 mL/ day
15 and up: +1500/day
Creatinine
0.6-1.2 mg/dL
chief concern of a child with a renal disorders
o Burning or cries on urination
o Bloody or dark urine
o Frequent urination
o Abdominal pain
o Flank pain
o Enuresis
o Frequent thirst
o Weight gain
o Strong urine odor
o Increase in abdomen size
o Periorbital edema
o Poor appetite
o Behavior problem
complex carbs
NURS 407
,NURS 407
whole wheat toast
crackers
beans
simple carbs
orange juice
life savers
frosting
m and ms
skittles
low phenylalanine diet
NOT ALLOWED: beans, bread, eggs, meat
ALLOWED: low-phenylalanine milk, fats, fruits, jams
PURPOSE: PKU
need to read food labelL can be found in soda and energy drinks
low protein diet
for maple syrup disease
only get enough protein to sustain normal growth
eat lots of carbs and fats
Galactose free diet
o No dairy products
▪ Galactose found in all dairy products
▪ Will need calcium supplements
▪ Will need soy formula
peritoneal dialysis
More interested in potassium
Child should void prior
NURS 407
,NURS 407
need baseline vitals
Inflow
-Amount of fluid that comes in through catheter in 10 minutes
-50 to 100 mL/kg
-Solution should be room temperature
-Flows in by gravity (don't push it in)
Equilibrium (dwell time)
-Fluid in abdomen
-Typically, 15-60 minutes
Outflow
-Time it takes to get it back
-Should get what you put in and a lot more
Need to be observed for
▪ SOB
▪ Increased HR
▪ Potassium
Can be temporary
▪ EX: HUS 2-3 times
preferred method of dialysis
continuous cycling peritoneal dialysis (CCPD)
Children who have permanent dialysis catheter
Fluid is infused > dwell time 4-6 hour during day or 8 hours at night > bag is
lowered > fluid runs out (output time) > once fluid stops running out, detach and
NURS 407
, NURS 407
throw away > new bag the next day
Advantages
-School-age children not affected at school
-Teenagers can manage themselves
Disadvantages
-Abdomen is always distended
-Clothes are hard to find
Children are more vulnerable to electrolytes shifts so need to be watched for
hypokalemia, hyponatremia, and dehydration
hemodyalisis
More interested in sodium
3-4 hours 2-3x per week
-miss more school
Need port or AV fistula
Assess for the thrill
Dialysis sequestration syndrome
-Collect pockets of fluid
Blood cycled through dialysis machine then given back to the patient
Electrolyte imbalances are possible (labs pre-and post)
Hypotension
Incredibly boring for children
-Choose something that is just done in dialysis
-Maybe homework
NURS 407
NURS 407 Exam 4 Study Questions and Answers 2026-2027
BUN
10-20
Typical urine output
An infant: 500-600 mL/ day
A toddler/2-year-old: 500-780 ml/day
A 5 to 8-year-old: 600-1200 mL/day
A 9 to 14-year-old: 1000-1500 mL/ day
15 and up: +1500/day
Creatinine
0.6-1.2 mg/dL
chief concern of a child with a renal disorders
o Burning or cries on urination
o Bloody or dark urine
o Frequent urination
o Abdominal pain
o Flank pain
o Enuresis
o Frequent thirst
o Weight gain
o Strong urine odor
o Increase in abdomen size
o Periorbital edema
o Poor appetite
o Behavior problem
complex carbs
NURS 407
,NURS 407
whole wheat toast
crackers
beans
simple carbs
orange juice
life savers
frosting
m and ms
skittles
low phenylalanine diet
NOT ALLOWED: beans, bread, eggs, meat
ALLOWED: low-phenylalanine milk, fats, fruits, jams
PURPOSE: PKU
need to read food labelL can be found in soda and energy drinks
low protein diet
for maple syrup disease
only get enough protein to sustain normal growth
eat lots of carbs and fats
Galactose free diet
o No dairy products
▪ Galactose found in all dairy products
▪ Will need calcium supplements
▪ Will need soy formula
peritoneal dialysis
More interested in potassium
Child should void prior
NURS 407
,NURS 407
need baseline vitals
Inflow
-Amount of fluid that comes in through catheter in 10 minutes
-50 to 100 mL/kg
-Solution should be room temperature
-Flows in by gravity (don't push it in)
Equilibrium (dwell time)
-Fluid in abdomen
-Typically, 15-60 minutes
Outflow
-Time it takes to get it back
-Should get what you put in and a lot more
Need to be observed for
▪ SOB
▪ Increased HR
▪ Potassium
Can be temporary
▪ EX: HUS 2-3 times
preferred method of dialysis
continuous cycling peritoneal dialysis (CCPD)
Children who have permanent dialysis catheter
Fluid is infused > dwell time 4-6 hour during day or 8 hours at night > bag is
lowered > fluid runs out (output time) > once fluid stops running out, detach and
NURS 407
, NURS 407
throw away > new bag the next day
Advantages
-School-age children not affected at school
-Teenagers can manage themselves
Disadvantages
-Abdomen is always distended
-Clothes are hard to find
Children are more vulnerable to electrolytes shifts so need to be watched for
hypokalemia, hyponatremia, and dehydration
hemodyalisis
More interested in sodium
3-4 hours 2-3x per week
-miss more school
Need port or AV fistula
Assess for the thrill
Dialysis sequestration syndrome
-Collect pockets of fluid
Blood cycled through dialysis machine then given back to the patient
Electrolyte imbalances are possible (labs pre-and post)
Hypotension
Incredibly boring for children
-Choose something that is just done in dialysis
-Maybe homework
NURS 407
