NURS 407
NURS 407 Exam 5 Study Questions with
Correct Detailed Answers 2026-2027
immediate recall
The ability to retain a concept for a short time, such as being able to
remember a series of numbers and repeat them (a child of 4 years can usually
repeat 3 digits; a child older than 6 years can repeat 5 digits). Ask a
preschooler what object you showed them 5 minutes after, and older aged
kids asked what they had for breakfast.
remote memory
long-term memory recall. Ask preschoolers what they ate for breakfast that
morning or for dinner the previous night. Ask older children what the name
of their first-grade teacher.
Stereognosis
The ability of a child to recognize an object by touch. Have the child close
their eyes and place a familiar object in their hand and ask them to identify it
(bottle cap, key, penny)
graphesthesia
The ability to recognize a shape that has been traced on the skin. Have the
child shut their eyes and trace a circle on their hand, then trace a square; then
ask the child if they are the same shape or different shape (child must be able
to differentiate what different means). For older children trace the numbers
8,3,0, and 1 and ask them to identify them.
kinesthesia
The ability to distinguish movements. Have the child close their eyes and
stick out their hand, move their finger either up or down by holding the sides,
NURS 407
,NURS 407
and have them distinguish (must know concept of up and down). Repeat this
with the toes as well.
lumbar puncture
introduction of a needle into the subarachnoid space to diagnose hemorrhage
or infection in the CNS or to diagnose an obstruction of CSF flow.
lumbar puncture position for an infant
seated upright with head bent forward
lumbar puncture position for an older child
on one side on the examining table, help the child flex the head forward, flex
the knees against the abdomen, and arch the back as much as possible (rolling
into a ball).
lumbar puncture post procedure teaching
· Need to monitor for signs of a headache
· Child needs to lay flat for at least 30 minutes
· Drink a glass of water
· Encourage parent to hold an infant in a flat position across their knees
· Analgesic for pain relief
· Monitor for signs of respiratory or cardiac difficulty
opening pressure
o Normal
§ Newborn: 8-10 cm
§ Children: 10-18
o Abnormal
§ Lowered pressure usually indicated there is subarachnoid obstruction in the
spinal column above the puncture site
§ Elevated pressure suggests intracranial compression, hemorrhage, or
infection
NURS 407
,NURS 407
§ Pressure increases if a child coughs or pressure is applied to the external
jugular vein
o Appearance
§ Normal
· Clear and colorless
§ Abnormal
· If cloudy, indicated possible infection with an increased number of WBCs
· If reddened, color is probably because of RBCs
cell count
§ Normal
· 0-8
§ Abnormal
· Granulocytes suggest CSF infection
· Lymphocytes suggest meningeal irritation and inflammation
· A few RBCs and WBCs are normally present in the newborn CSF due to the
trauma of birth
protein
§ Normal
· 15-45 mg/ 100 mL
§ Abnormal
· Elevated count (>45/100 mL) occurs if RBCs are present
· If both protein content and RBC count are elevated meningitis or
subarachnoid hemorrhage is suggested
· If protein content alone is elevated, it more likely suggests a degenerative
process such as MS
glucose
NURS 407
, NURS 407
§ Normal
· 60% to 80% of serum glucose level
§ Abnormal
· Bacterial meningitis causes a marked decrease in CSF glucose, invasion of
fungi, yeast, TB, protozoans into the CSF results in some decrease in glucose
level
· Viral infections do not cause a decrease in CSF glucose and may occasional
cause a slight increase
albumin/ globuin (A/G) ration
§ Normal
· 8:1
§ Abnormal
· Increased level suggests infection or an A/G ratio neurologic disorder
cranial nerve I
olfactory
o Function
§ Sense of smell
o Assessment
§ Ability to recognize common odors while eyes are closed
cranial nerve II
optic
o Function
§ Vision
NURS 407
NURS 407 Exam 5 Study Questions with
Correct Detailed Answers 2026-2027
immediate recall
The ability to retain a concept for a short time, such as being able to
remember a series of numbers and repeat them (a child of 4 years can usually
repeat 3 digits; a child older than 6 years can repeat 5 digits). Ask a
preschooler what object you showed them 5 minutes after, and older aged
kids asked what they had for breakfast.
remote memory
long-term memory recall. Ask preschoolers what they ate for breakfast that
morning or for dinner the previous night. Ask older children what the name
of their first-grade teacher.
Stereognosis
The ability of a child to recognize an object by touch. Have the child close
their eyes and place a familiar object in their hand and ask them to identify it
(bottle cap, key, penny)
graphesthesia
The ability to recognize a shape that has been traced on the skin. Have the
child shut their eyes and trace a circle on their hand, then trace a square; then
ask the child if they are the same shape or different shape (child must be able
to differentiate what different means). For older children trace the numbers
8,3,0, and 1 and ask them to identify them.
kinesthesia
The ability to distinguish movements. Have the child close their eyes and
stick out their hand, move their finger either up or down by holding the sides,
NURS 407
,NURS 407
and have them distinguish (must know concept of up and down). Repeat this
with the toes as well.
lumbar puncture
introduction of a needle into the subarachnoid space to diagnose hemorrhage
or infection in the CNS or to diagnose an obstruction of CSF flow.
lumbar puncture position for an infant
seated upright with head bent forward
lumbar puncture position for an older child
on one side on the examining table, help the child flex the head forward, flex
the knees against the abdomen, and arch the back as much as possible (rolling
into a ball).
lumbar puncture post procedure teaching
· Need to monitor for signs of a headache
· Child needs to lay flat for at least 30 minutes
· Drink a glass of water
· Encourage parent to hold an infant in a flat position across their knees
· Analgesic for pain relief
· Monitor for signs of respiratory or cardiac difficulty
opening pressure
o Normal
§ Newborn: 8-10 cm
§ Children: 10-18
o Abnormal
§ Lowered pressure usually indicated there is subarachnoid obstruction in the
spinal column above the puncture site
§ Elevated pressure suggests intracranial compression, hemorrhage, or
infection
NURS 407
,NURS 407
§ Pressure increases if a child coughs or pressure is applied to the external
jugular vein
o Appearance
§ Normal
· Clear and colorless
§ Abnormal
· If cloudy, indicated possible infection with an increased number of WBCs
· If reddened, color is probably because of RBCs
cell count
§ Normal
· 0-8
§ Abnormal
· Granulocytes suggest CSF infection
· Lymphocytes suggest meningeal irritation and inflammation
· A few RBCs and WBCs are normally present in the newborn CSF due to the
trauma of birth
protein
§ Normal
· 15-45 mg/ 100 mL
§ Abnormal
· Elevated count (>45/100 mL) occurs if RBCs are present
· If both protein content and RBC count are elevated meningitis or
subarachnoid hemorrhage is suggested
· If protein content alone is elevated, it more likely suggests a degenerative
process such as MS
glucose
NURS 407
, NURS 407
§ Normal
· 60% to 80% of serum glucose level
§ Abnormal
· Bacterial meningitis causes a marked decrease in CSF glucose, invasion of
fungi, yeast, TB, protozoans into the CSF results in some decrease in glucose
level
· Viral infections do not cause a decrease in CSF glucose and may occasional
cause a slight increase
albumin/ globuin (A/G) ration
§ Normal
· 8:1
§ Abnormal
· Increased level suggests infection or an A/G ratio neurologic disorder
cranial nerve I
olfactory
o Function
§ Sense of smell
o Assessment
§ Ability to recognize common odors while eyes are closed
cranial nerve II
optic
o Function
§ Vision
NURS 407
