ONCOLOGY FINAL EXAM QUESTIONS
AND ANSWERS. VERIFIED 2025/2026.
Cancer - ANS disease resulting from the uncontrolled growth of cells
20% - ANS what percentage of deaths in the US are a result of cancer?
carcinogenesis - ANS transformation of a normal cell to a cancerous one
Damage to genetic material, genes, and nucleotides - ANS why do we see a proliferation of
abnormal cells?
Apoptosis - ANS programmed cell death
oncogenes - ANS pieces of normal DNA that may cause cancer if they are activated by
mutation
lymphoma - ANS cancers in infection-fighting organs (found in lymphatic tissue)
Leukemias - ANS Cancers in blood forming organs (spleen & bone marrow)
1 @COPYRIGHT 2025/2026 ALLRIGHTS RESERVED.
, Sarcomas - ANS Cancers in connective tissue
Carcinomas - ANS Cancers in epithelial tissue
Mixed tissue tumors - ANS Tissues capable of differentiating into epithelial and connective
tissue
tumor, node, metastasis -- important because it influences decisions about treatment
modalities and predict prognosis - ANS what does "TNM" stand for? What is it for?
well-differentiated - ANS a grading of tumor characterized by tumor cells that retain many
identifiable tissue characteristics of original cell
Undifferentiated - ANS a grading of tumor characterized by tumor cells having little similarity
to tissue of origin
biopsy - ANS the only definitive way to definitive way to determine the presence of malignant
cell
endoscopy - ANS direct visualization of internal structure through a body cavity or through a
small incision
bone scanning - ANS radioactive material uptake could reveal presence of tumor or abnormal
growth areas
Serum calcitonin - ANS test used in the evaluation of patients with or suspected to have
carcinoma of the thyroid
2 @COPYRIGHT 2025/2026 ALLRIGHTS RESERVED.
AND ANSWERS. VERIFIED 2025/2026.
Cancer - ANS disease resulting from the uncontrolled growth of cells
20% - ANS what percentage of deaths in the US are a result of cancer?
carcinogenesis - ANS transformation of a normal cell to a cancerous one
Damage to genetic material, genes, and nucleotides - ANS why do we see a proliferation of
abnormal cells?
Apoptosis - ANS programmed cell death
oncogenes - ANS pieces of normal DNA that may cause cancer if they are activated by
mutation
lymphoma - ANS cancers in infection-fighting organs (found in lymphatic tissue)
Leukemias - ANS Cancers in blood forming organs (spleen & bone marrow)
1 @COPYRIGHT 2025/2026 ALLRIGHTS RESERVED.
, Sarcomas - ANS Cancers in connective tissue
Carcinomas - ANS Cancers in epithelial tissue
Mixed tissue tumors - ANS Tissues capable of differentiating into epithelial and connective
tissue
tumor, node, metastasis -- important because it influences decisions about treatment
modalities and predict prognosis - ANS what does "TNM" stand for? What is it for?
well-differentiated - ANS a grading of tumor characterized by tumor cells that retain many
identifiable tissue characteristics of original cell
Undifferentiated - ANS a grading of tumor characterized by tumor cells having little similarity
to tissue of origin
biopsy - ANS the only definitive way to definitive way to determine the presence of malignant
cell
endoscopy - ANS direct visualization of internal structure through a body cavity or through a
small incision
bone scanning - ANS radioactive material uptake could reveal presence of tumor or abnormal
growth areas
Serum calcitonin - ANS test used in the evaluation of patients with or suspected to have
carcinoma of the thyroid
2 @COPYRIGHT 2025/2026 ALLRIGHTS RESERVED.
