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What is type 1 DM? - (answer)Autoimmune, antibodies destroy b cells that make insulin
resulting in NO
insulin production, body systems (pancreas).
What is type 2 DM? - (answer)90-95% of all DM cases, mainly lifestyle/environmental (obesity,
older, fam
hx, etc.), combination of inadequate insulin secretion & insulin resistance, can take oral
diabetic medications unlike type 1 diabetics, body systems (pancreas, liver, adipose
tissue, muscle).
What is type 3 DM? - (answer)Similar to type 2, occurs during pregnancy & cured after
childbirth, risk of type
2 development later in life, usually occurs at 24 to 28wks gestation.
What is prediabetes? - (answer)Prediabetes - Prediabetes is people who are at an increasing risk
of developing type 2
, DM, defined by IGT (impaired glucose testing) or IFG (impaired fasting glucose)
Conditions that can cause DM are as follows:
- hyperthyroidism
-pancreatitis (reoccurring) -cystic fibrosis
-corticosteroid use
-Cushing syndrome
Dx studies needed for DM? - (answer)-A1C of 6.5% or higher
-fasting plasma glucose of 126 or greater
-2 hour plasma glucose level of 200 or greater, (patients w/ classic signs such as 3 P's,
weight loss, hyperglycemic crisis, will need a random plasma glucose of 200 or greater)
if those symptoms are not present retesting is necessary to verify.
What is DKA? - (answer)Profound deficiency of insulin, hyperglycemia, ketosis, acidosis,
dehydration, & usually occurs in type 1 diabetics, but can occur in type 2s when they are ill or
under stress!
What is HHS? - (answer)Occurs in type 2 diabetics who ARE able to create enough insulin w/out
entering DKA, but not enough to prevent severe hyperglycemia (600 or greater), osmotic