ERSC181 B001 INTRODUCTION TO GEOLOGY
TEST PAPER 2026 QUESTIONS WITH
SOLUTIONS GRADED A+
◉ igneous rock. Answer: a type of rock that forms from the cooling
of molten rock at or below the surface
◉ sedimentary rock. Answer: A type of rock that forms when
particles from other rocks or the remains of plants and animals are
pressed and cemented together
◉ metamorphic rock. Answer: A type of rock that forms from an
existing rock that is changed by heat, pressure, or chemical
reactions.
◉ Basalt. Answer: A dark, dense, igneous rock with a fine texture,
found in oceanic crust
◉ extrusive igneous rock. Answer: rock that forms from the cooling
and solidification of lava at Earth's surface
◉ intrusive igneous rock. Answer: rock formed from the cooling and
solidification of magma beneath Earth's surface
, ◉ Weathering. Answer: The breaking down of rocks and other
materials on the Earth's surface.
◉ Mechanical weathering (physical weathering). Answer: reduces
solid rock to smaller fragments but does not alter the chemical
composition of the rocks and minerals
◉ chemical weathering processes. Answer: oxidation, carbonation,
hydrolysis
◉ Oxidation. Answer: A chemical change in which a substance
combines with oxygen, as when iron oxidizes, forming rust
◉ Carbonation. Answer: Carbon dioxide in rainwater reacts with
certain types of rocks
◉ Hydrolysis. Answer: water softens minerals in rocks
◉ Abrasion. Answer: The grinding away of rock by other rock
particles carried in water, ice, or wind
◉ ice wedging. Answer: Process that splits rock when water seeps
into cracks, then freezes and expands.
TEST PAPER 2026 QUESTIONS WITH
SOLUTIONS GRADED A+
◉ igneous rock. Answer: a type of rock that forms from the cooling
of molten rock at or below the surface
◉ sedimentary rock. Answer: A type of rock that forms when
particles from other rocks or the remains of plants and animals are
pressed and cemented together
◉ metamorphic rock. Answer: A type of rock that forms from an
existing rock that is changed by heat, pressure, or chemical
reactions.
◉ Basalt. Answer: A dark, dense, igneous rock with a fine texture,
found in oceanic crust
◉ extrusive igneous rock. Answer: rock that forms from the cooling
and solidification of lava at Earth's surface
◉ intrusive igneous rock. Answer: rock formed from the cooling and
solidification of magma beneath Earth's surface
, ◉ Weathering. Answer: The breaking down of rocks and other
materials on the Earth's surface.
◉ Mechanical weathering (physical weathering). Answer: reduces
solid rock to smaller fragments but does not alter the chemical
composition of the rocks and minerals
◉ chemical weathering processes. Answer: oxidation, carbonation,
hydrolysis
◉ Oxidation. Answer: A chemical change in which a substance
combines with oxygen, as when iron oxidizes, forming rust
◉ Carbonation. Answer: Carbon dioxide in rainwater reacts with
certain types of rocks
◉ Hydrolysis. Answer: water softens minerals in rocks
◉ Abrasion. Answer: The grinding away of rock by other rock
particles carried in water, ice, or wind
◉ ice wedging. Answer: Process that splits rock when water seeps
into cracks, then freezes and expands.
