Page 1 of 63 PATHO HESI 2021-2023 PATHO HESI 2021-2023.pdf
PATHO HESI 2021/2023
A. Positive feedback
An initial disturbance in a system sets off a chain of events that does not
favor stability and often abruptly displaces a system from its steady state:
what is that?
A. positive feedback
B. negative feedback
C. disease
D. homeostasis
-less common
- Snowball Effect (some pain/ pressure gets worse and worse)
- examples: clots, sneezing, childbirth
- when childbirth starts there is an increase in hormone production which
progressively gets worse
- May use many means to correct one imbalance(NOT stable)
- Moves away from equilibrium
amplifies change
more of a product = more contractions, more clotting factors
Positive Feedback
- more common
- self regulating system that helps keep the balance (increase or decrease
of output/production)
- If there is not enough it makes more, if there is enough it stops making it
- resist any changes from normal (example = glucose and temp regulation)
1
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-example: thermoregulation- body temp decreases, heating mechanisms
activated (shivering), body temp increases , cooling mechanisms activated
(sweating)
reduces change
Negative Feedback
- the disruption in homeostasis or deviation from normal
- body is no longer functioning normally
- cellular process leads to disease
Disease
- dynamic process that is always shifting/changing (give and take system)
- the body likes things just so (temp, pH, dilution, shape)
- equilibrium is necessary for all cells
- stable process, self regulating
- can affect proteins to be in proper function/ form, release of oxygen in the
muscles
Homeostasis
B. Gums
What organ shrinks with age?
A. Prostate
B. Gums
C. Heart
D. All of the above
- Chestnut-shaped gland at the base of the urethra in men
- produces fluid that mixes with sperm and secretions of the seminal
vesicles
2
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- prostate fluid further decreases acidity, increases sperm motility, and
prolongs sperm life
- gets larger in size as men increase in age and can cause urethral
problems
Prostate Gland (increase/decrease)
- around 40 gums start to recede and decrease in size
- inflammatory processes destroy gum tissue overtime and can cause
pockets between the tooth, which can trap bacteria
Gums (increase/decrease)
- can increase in size slightly as you age
- depends one one's heart wall muscles (can strengthen heart wall muscle
through exercise)
Heart (increase/decrease)
D. there is less thirst perception in the elderly
Which of the following is true?
A. an infant will have a slower heart rate than an adult
B. the elderly have better temperature sensations
C. there are more sweat glands in an elderly person
D. there is less thirst perception in the elderly
True
- the aging process alters the psychological control systems with thirst
- the elderly also can take medications that can lead to dehydration
- the elderly have less physical activity that does not stimulate the thirst
perception
There is less thirst perception in the elderly (T/F)
3
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, Page 4 of 63 PATHO HESI 2021-2023 PATHO HESI 2021-2023.pdf
False
- an infant/child's heart rate is normally slightly faster than an adult's heart
rate
An infant will have a slower heart rate than an adult (T/F)
False
- elderly's senses are weaker as opposed to children and adults
The elderly have better temperature sensations (T/F)
False
- no correlation
There are more sweat glands in an elderly person (T/F)
C. Woman have a lower hemoglobin than men
Which of the following is true?
A. women snore more than men
B. men have higher calcium levels
C. women have a lower hemoglobin than men.
D. men have a lower creatinine level than women
False
-No correlation
Woman snore more than men (T/F)
4
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Page 4 PATHO HESI 2021-2023 PATHO HESI 2021-2023.pdf
PATHO HESI 2021/2023
A. Positive feedback
An initial disturbance in a system sets off a chain of events that does not
favor stability and often abruptly displaces a system from its steady state:
what is that?
A. positive feedback
B. negative feedback
C. disease
D. homeostasis
-less common
- Snowball Effect (some pain/ pressure gets worse and worse)
- examples: clots, sneezing, childbirth
- when childbirth starts there is an increase in hormone production which
progressively gets worse
- May use many means to correct one imbalance(NOT stable)
- Moves away from equilibrium
amplifies change
more of a product = more contractions, more clotting factors
Positive Feedback
- more common
- self regulating system that helps keep the balance (increase or decrease
of output/production)
- If there is not enough it makes more, if there is enough it stops making it
- resist any changes from normal (example = glucose and temp regulation)
1
https:// /ahip-4-ahip-2024-module-4-flash-cards/
Page 1 PATHO HESI 2021-2023 PATHO HESI 2021-2023.pdf
,Page 2 of 63 PATHO HESI 2021-2023 PATHO HESI 2021-2023.pdf
-example: thermoregulation- body temp decreases, heating mechanisms
activated (shivering), body temp increases , cooling mechanisms activated
(sweating)
reduces change
Negative Feedback
- the disruption in homeostasis or deviation from normal
- body is no longer functioning normally
- cellular process leads to disease
Disease
- dynamic process that is always shifting/changing (give and take system)
- the body likes things just so (temp, pH, dilution, shape)
- equilibrium is necessary for all cells
- stable process, self regulating
- can affect proteins to be in proper function/ form, release of oxygen in the
muscles
Homeostasis
B. Gums
What organ shrinks with age?
A. Prostate
B. Gums
C. Heart
D. All of the above
- Chestnut-shaped gland at the base of the urethra in men
- produces fluid that mixes with sperm and secretions of the seminal
vesicles
2
https:// /ahip-4-ahip-2024-module-4-flash-cards/
Page 2 PATHO HESI 2021-2023 PATHO HESI 2021-2023.pdf
,Page 3 of 63 PATHO HESI 2021-2023 PATHO HESI 2021-2023.pdf
- prostate fluid further decreases acidity, increases sperm motility, and
prolongs sperm life
- gets larger in size as men increase in age and can cause urethral
problems
Prostate Gland (increase/decrease)
- around 40 gums start to recede and decrease in size
- inflammatory processes destroy gum tissue overtime and can cause
pockets between the tooth, which can trap bacteria
Gums (increase/decrease)
- can increase in size slightly as you age
- depends one one's heart wall muscles (can strengthen heart wall muscle
through exercise)
Heart (increase/decrease)
D. there is less thirst perception in the elderly
Which of the following is true?
A. an infant will have a slower heart rate than an adult
B. the elderly have better temperature sensations
C. there are more sweat glands in an elderly person
D. there is less thirst perception in the elderly
True
- the aging process alters the psychological control systems with thirst
- the elderly also can take medications that can lead to dehydration
- the elderly have less physical activity that does not stimulate the thirst
perception
There is less thirst perception in the elderly (T/F)
3
https:// /ahip-4-ahip-2024-module-4-flash-cards/
Page 3 PATHO HESI 2021-2023 PATHO HESI 2021-2023.pdf
, Page 4 of 63 PATHO HESI 2021-2023 PATHO HESI 2021-2023.pdf
False
- an infant/child's heart rate is normally slightly faster than an adult's heart
rate
An infant will have a slower heart rate than an adult (T/F)
False
- elderly's senses are weaker as opposed to children and adults
The elderly have better temperature sensations (T/F)
False
- no correlation
There are more sweat glands in an elderly person (T/F)
C. Woman have a lower hemoglobin than men
Which of the following is true?
A. women snore more than men
B. men have higher calcium levels
C. women have a lower hemoglobin than men.
D. men have a lower creatinine level than women
False
-No correlation
Woman snore more than men (T/F)
4
https:// /ahip-4-ahip-2024-module-4-flash-cards/
Page 4 PATHO HESI 2021-2023 PATHO HESI 2021-2023.pdf
