NCSU BIO 181 Test 1 Study Guide |
Evolution & Natural Selection
Evolution
The changing of an entity over a period of time
Darwin
Developed ideas on natural selection and heritable traits
Origin of species
Darwin's book written about his findings on the Galapagous
Galapagos Islands
Key location of Darwin's studies of natural selection; off the west coast of South America
Finches
Key species in Darwin's studies of evolution
Mutation
A base pair or set of base pairs on a strand of DNA are changed; rare and random
Natural selection
A mechanism of evolution in traits that increase survival rate are favored and increase within a
population
Genetic drift
Movement towards a specific allele or trait; can result in fixation; Can be random.
Gene flow
The movement of genes/alleles from one population to another
Non-random mating
Certain traits enhance an individuals attractiveness and ability to mate
Stabilizing selection
A type of natural selection; median traits are favored
, Directional selection
A form of natural selection; one extreme version of a trait is favored
Disruptive selection
A form of natural selection; both extremes of a trait are favored.
Balancing selection
A form of natural selection; variation is favored
Oscillating selection
A form of natural selection; Different versions of the trait are favored at different times; occurs
repetitively
Sexual selection
A form of natural selection; non-random mating influences the traits and genotypes present in a
population.
Heterozygote advantage
A case in which individuals with a dominant and recessive allele have some kind of advantage;
ex. sickle cell anemia and malaria.
Intersexual selection
Selection between sexes; female choice
Intrasexual selection
Direct competition between organisms of the same sex
Sexual dimorphism
Differences between male and female organisms in the same species
Bottleneck effect
A random event kills off a significant portion of a population leaving a small group of organisms
re
Founder effect
A group of organisms move away from the main population; this results in a new gene pool and
can introduce new variation
Gene pool
Evolution & Natural Selection
Evolution
The changing of an entity over a period of time
Darwin
Developed ideas on natural selection and heritable traits
Origin of species
Darwin's book written about his findings on the Galapagous
Galapagos Islands
Key location of Darwin's studies of natural selection; off the west coast of South America
Finches
Key species in Darwin's studies of evolution
Mutation
A base pair or set of base pairs on a strand of DNA are changed; rare and random
Natural selection
A mechanism of evolution in traits that increase survival rate are favored and increase within a
population
Genetic drift
Movement towards a specific allele or trait; can result in fixation; Can be random.
Gene flow
The movement of genes/alleles from one population to another
Non-random mating
Certain traits enhance an individuals attractiveness and ability to mate
Stabilizing selection
A type of natural selection; median traits are favored
, Directional selection
A form of natural selection; one extreme version of a trait is favored
Disruptive selection
A form of natural selection; both extremes of a trait are favored.
Balancing selection
A form of natural selection; variation is favored
Oscillating selection
A form of natural selection; Different versions of the trait are favored at different times; occurs
repetitively
Sexual selection
A form of natural selection; non-random mating influences the traits and genotypes present in a
population.
Heterozygote advantage
A case in which individuals with a dominant and recessive allele have some kind of advantage;
ex. sickle cell anemia and malaria.
Intersexual selection
Selection between sexes; female choice
Intrasexual selection
Direct competition between organisms of the same sex
Sexual dimorphism
Differences between male and female organisms in the same species
Bottleneck effect
A random event kills off a significant portion of a population leaving a small group of organisms
re
Founder effect
A group of organisms move away from the main population; this results in a new gene pool and
can introduce new variation
Gene pool
