1|Page
DYNAMICS OF HEALTHCARE IN SOCIETY -
RUTGERS EXAM 2026 | 150 QUESTIONS AND
CORRECT DETAILED ANSWERS | ALREADY A
GRADED | NEW AND REVISED
1. Which of the following best describes the primary purpose
of the Affordable Care Act (ACA)?
A. Reduce medical errors
B. Expand access to health insurance
C. Eliminate private insurance
D. Regulate pharmaceutical pricing
The ACA was designed primarily to increase healthcare
coverage, improve access, and reduce the number of
uninsured Americans.
2. A patient presents with symptoms of high blood pressure
and diabetes. The primary care physician refers the patient
to a dietitian and a cardiologist. This scenario best
represents:
A. Patient-centered care
B. Interprofessional collaboration
C. Managed care integration
D. Health promotion
Referral to multiple professionals to manage a patient’s
complex needs demonstrates interprofessional
collaboration, ensuring comprehensive care.
,2|Page
3. The social determinants of health include all of the
following EXCEPT:
A. Economic stability
B. Education
C. Genetic mutations
D. Neighborhood and built environment
Social determinants focus on societal and environmental
factors influencing health, not inherent genetic
characteristics.
4. Which of the following is a key ethical principle in
healthcare decision-making?
A. Profit maximization
B. Autonomy
C. Compliance with insurance
D. Risk avoidance
Autonomy respects patients’ rights to make informed
decisions about their care.
5. A hospital implements electronic health records (EHRs) to
improve patient care and communication among providers.
This is an example of:
A. Preventive care
B. Cost-shifting
C. Health information technology integration
D. Patient advocacy
EHRs enhance communication, reduce errors, and
streamline clinical workflow through technology
integration.
6. Which federal agency is primarily responsible for
regulating healthcare facilities’ safety and quality standards
in the United States?
A. CDC
,3|Page
B. FDA
C. Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS)
D. NIH
CMS oversees healthcare quality standards, particularly
for facilities participating in Medicare and Medicaid.
7. In healthcare ethics, the principle of beneficence refers to:
A. Respecting patient confidentiality
B. Acting in the patient’s best interest
C. Allocating scarce resources
D. Ensuring informed consent
Beneficence requires healthcare professionals to actively
promote patient welfare.
8. A patient refuses a recommended surgical procedure
despite the risk of deterioration. The nurse should:
A. Persuade the patient until they consent
B. Respect the patient’s decision and document it
C. Notify law enforcement
D. Administer the procedure anyway
Respecting patient autonomy and informed refusal is
essential; documentation is required for legal and clinical
accountability.
9. Which model of healthcare delivery focuses on primary
care as the central point of coordination for all patient
services?
A. Fee-for-service
B. Patient-centered medical home (PCMH)
C. Capitation
D. Concierge medicine
The PCMH model emphasizes comprehensive,
coordinated, patient-centered care with primary care as
the hub.
, 4|Page
10. Health disparities are best defined as:
A. Differences in individual health behaviors
B. Variations in hospital funding
C. Preventable differences in health outcomes among
population groups
D. Differences in personal preferences
Health disparities are systemic and avoidable differences
in health outcomes due to social, economic, or
environmental factors.
11. Which legislation provides patients the right to access
their medical records and protects their privacy?
A. HIPAA
B. EMTALA
C. HITECH
D. ACA
HIPAA ensures patient privacy and access to medical
records, establishing legal protections for health
information.
12. Scenario: A community clinic notices an increase in
vaccine-preventable diseases. To address this, the clinic
organizes outreach programs in schools and local centers.
This is an example of:
A. Tertiary prevention
B. Primary prevention
C. Secondary prevention
D. Curative intervention
Primary prevention aims to prevent disease occurrence
before it happens, often through education and
immunization.
13. Which of the following best exemplifies the principle
of justice in healthcare?
DYNAMICS OF HEALTHCARE IN SOCIETY -
RUTGERS EXAM 2026 | 150 QUESTIONS AND
CORRECT DETAILED ANSWERS | ALREADY A
GRADED | NEW AND REVISED
1. Which of the following best describes the primary purpose
of the Affordable Care Act (ACA)?
A. Reduce medical errors
B. Expand access to health insurance
C. Eliminate private insurance
D. Regulate pharmaceutical pricing
The ACA was designed primarily to increase healthcare
coverage, improve access, and reduce the number of
uninsured Americans.
2. A patient presents with symptoms of high blood pressure
and diabetes. The primary care physician refers the patient
to a dietitian and a cardiologist. This scenario best
represents:
A. Patient-centered care
B. Interprofessional collaboration
C. Managed care integration
D. Health promotion
Referral to multiple professionals to manage a patient’s
complex needs demonstrates interprofessional
collaboration, ensuring comprehensive care.
,2|Page
3. The social determinants of health include all of the
following EXCEPT:
A. Economic stability
B. Education
C. Genetic mutations
D. Neighborhood and built environment
Social determinants focus on societal and environmental
factors influencing health, not inherent genetic
characteristics.
4. Which of the following is a key ethical principle in
healthcare decision-making?
A. Profit maximization
B. Autonomy
C. Compliance with insurance
D. Risk avoidance
Autonomy respects patients’ rights to make informed
decisions about their care.
5. A hospital implements electronic health records (EHRs) to
improve patient care and communication among providers.
This is an example of:
A. Preventive care
B. Cost-shifting
C. Health information technology integration
D. Patient advocacy
EHRs enhance communication, reduce errors, and
streamline clinical workflow through technology
integration.
6. Which federal agency is primarily responsible for
regulating healthcare facilities’ safety and quality standards
in the United States?
A. CDC
,3|Page
B. FDA
C. Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS)
D. NIH
CMS oversees healthcare quality standards, particularly
for facilities participating in Medicare and Medicaid.
7. In healthcare ethics, the principle of beneficence refers to:
A. Respecting patient confidentiality
B. Acting in the patient’s best interest
C. Allocating scarce resources
D. Ensuring informed consent
Beneficence requires healthcare professionals to actively
promote patient welfare.
8. A patient refuses a recommended surgical procedure
despite the risk of deterioration. The nurse should:
A. Persuade the patient until they consent
B. Respect the patient’s decision and document it
C. Notify law enforcement
D. Administer the procedure anyway
Respecting patient autonomy and informed refusal is
essential; documentation is required for legal and clinical
accountability.
9. Which model of healthcare delivery focuses on primary
care as the central point of coordination for all patient
services?
A. Fee-for-service
B. Patient-centered medical home (PCMH)
C. Capitation
D. Concierge medicine
The PCMH model emphasizes comprehensive,
coordinated, patient-centered care with primary care as
the hub.
, 4|Page
10. Health disparities are best defined as:
A. Differences in individual health behaviors
B. Variations in hospital funding
C. Preventable differences in health outcomes among
population groups
D. Differences in personal preferences
Health disparities are systemic and avoidable differences
in health outcomes due to social, economic, or
environmental factors.
11. Which legislation provides patients the right to access
their medical records and protects their privacy?
A. HIPAA
B. EMTALA
C. HITECH
D. ACA
HIPAA ensures patient privacy and access to medical
records, establishing legal protections for health
information.
12. Scenario: A community clinic notices an increase in
vaccine-preventable diseases. To address this, the clinic
organizes outreach programs in schools and local centers.
This is an example of:
A. Tertiary prevention
B. Primary prevention
C. Secondary prevention
D. Curative intervention
Primary prevention aims to prevent disease occurrence
before it happens, often through education and
immunization.
13. Which of the following best exemplifies the principle
of justice in healthcare?
