NURS 5315 Advanced Pathophysiology Exam 1 Review Questions and
Answers 2025/26- UTA
A researcher is investigating a new drug for treating cancer. The drug is shown
to induce cell death through a process involving caspase activation, DNA
fragmentation, and the formation of apoptotic bodies, with little to no
inflammation. The drug is thought to effectively eliminate cancer cells without
damaging healthy tissue. What is the primary mechanism of cell death induced
by this novel therapeutic?
A. Necroptosis
B. hypoplasia
C. Apoptosis
D. Atrophy
Answer: C. Rationale: The question explicitly describes the hallmarks of
apoptosis: caspase activation, DNA fragmentation, formation of apoptotic
bodies, and the absence of inflammation. These all fit perfectly with the
definition of apoptosis provided.
A newborn infant is found to have multiple congenital anomalies, including
heart defects, hypotonia, and characteristic facial features. Karyotyping reveals
trisomy 21. What is the underlying genetic condition in this case?
A. Point mutation
B. Chromosomal translocation
C. Aneuploidy
D. Deletion
Answer: C. Rationale: Aneuploidy refers to an abnormal number of
chromosomes in a cell. In this case, trisomy 21 indicates that there is an extra
copy of chromosome 21, leading to the condition known as Down syndrome.
This condition is associated with a range of congenital anomalies, including the
heart defects, hypotonia, and characteristic facial features described in the
scenario. Therefore, aneuploidy accurately describes the underlying genetic
NURS 5315 Advanced Pathophysiology Exam 1 Review
,condition.
NURS 5315 Advanced Pathophysiology Exam 1 Review
, A 3-year-old boy presents with developmental delays, including significant
speech and language impairments, and characteristic facial features (large
ears, long face). His family history is significant for intellectual disability in his
maternal uncle and grandfather. Genetic testing is ordered and he is
diagnosed with Fragile X Syndrome What is the mode of inheritance of this
condition?
A. Autosomal dominant
B. Autosomal recessive
C. X-linked dominant
D. Mitochondrial
Answer: C Rationale: Fragile X Syndrome is inherited through mutations on
the X chromosome, where a single copy of the mutated gene can cause the
disorder, particularly affecting males more severely due to their having only
one X chromosome.
A patient with a long-term, poorly managed diabetes presents with peripheral
neuropathy. Which of the following is the most likely mechanism contributing
to neuronal damage?
A. Oxidative stress
B. Direct chemical injury from glucose
C. Reperfusion injury
D. Hypoxic-ischemic injury
Answer: A. Rationale: High blood glucose levels lead to increased production
of reactive oxygen species (ROS), causing oxidative stress. This damages
cellular components, including neurons, contributing to diabetic neuropathy.
A 48-year-old woman presents to her gynecologist for an annual checkup. During
the pelvic exam, a small, firm mass is palpated on her uterine wall. The
patient reports no significant symptoms, although she has experienced irregular
menstrual bleeding for the past six months. A transvaginal ultrasound reveals a 2
cm hypoechoic lesion in the uterine myometrium. A biopsy is performed, and
the pathology report reveals disorganized cellular
NURS 5315 Advanced Pathophysiology Exam 1 Review
Answers 2025/26- UTA
A researcher is investigating a new drug for treating cancer. The drug is shown
to induce cell death through a process involving caspase activation, DNA
fragmentation, and the formation of apoptotic bodies, with little to no
inflammation. The drug is thought to effectively eliminate cancer cells without
damaging healthy tissue. What is the primary mechanism of cell death induced
by this novel therapeutic?
A. Necroptosis
B. hypoplasia
C. Apoptosis
D. Atrophy
Answer: C. Rationale: The question explicitly describes the hallmarks of
apoptosis: caspase activation, DNA fragmentation, formation of apoptotic
bodies, and the absence of inflammation. These all fit perfectly with the
definition of apoptosis provided.
A newborn infant is found to have multiple congenital anomalies, including
heart defects, hypotonia, and characteristic facial features. Karyotyping reveals
trisomy 21. What is the underlying genetic condition in this case?
A. Point mutation
B. Chromosomal translocation
C. Aneuploidy
D. Deletion
Answer: C. Rationale: Aneuploidy refers to an abnormal number of
chromosomes in a cell. In this case, trisomy 21 indicates that there is an extra
copy of chromosome 21, leading to the condition known as Down syndrome.
This condition is associated with a range of congenital anomalies, including the
heart defects, hypotonia, and characteristic facial features described in the
scenario. Therefore, aneuploidy accurately describes the underlying genetic
NURS 5315 Advanced Pathophysiology Exam 1 Review
,condition.
NURS 5315 Advanced Pathophysiology Exam 1 Review
, A 3-year-old boy presents with developmental delays, including significant
speech and language impairments, and characteristic facial features (large
ears, long face). His family history is significant for intellectual disability in his
maternal uncle and grandfather. Genetic testing is ordered and he is
diagnosed with Fragile X Syndrome What is the mode of inheritance of this
condition?
A. Autosomal dominant
B. Autosomal recessive
C. X-linked dominant
D. Mitochondrial
Answer: C Rationale: Fragile X Syndrome is inherited through mutations on
the X chromosome, where a single copy of the mutated gene can cause the
disorder, particularly affecting males more severely due to their having only
one X chromosome.
A patient with a long-term, poorly managed diabetes presents with peripheral
neuropathy. Which of the following is the most likely mechanism contributing
to neuronal damage?
A. Oxidative stress
B. Direct chemical injury from glucose
C. Reperfusion injury
D. Hypoxic-ischemic injury
Answer: A. Rationale: High blood glucose levels lead to increased production
of reactive oxygen species (ROS), causing oxidative stress. This damages
cellular components, including neurons, contributing to diabetic neuropathy.
A 48-year-old woman presents to her gynecologist for an annual checkup. During
the pelvic exam, a small, firm mass is palpated on her uterine wall. The
patient reports no significant symptoms, although she has experienced irregular
menstrual bleeding for the past six months. A transvaginal ultrasound reveals a 2
cm hypoechoic lesion in the uterine myometrium. A biopsy is performed, and
the pathology report reveals disorganized cellular
NURS 5315 Advanced Pathophysiology Exam 1 Review
