CCI RCS Study Guide| 278 QUESTIONS| WITH
COMPLETE SOLUTIONS
Cavitation is CORRECT ANSWERS: The creation or vibration of small gas filled bodies
by the ultrasound beam. (Tends to occur only with higher-intensity exposures.
The 6 intensities from highest to lowest are CORRECT ANSWERS: 1.) SPTP 4.) SATP
2.)SPPA 5.) SAPA
3.)SPTA 6.) SATA
What tricuspid valve leaflets are noted in PLAX? CORRECT ANSWERS: Anterior and
medial/septal posterior.
Formula for calculating EF? CORRECT ANSWERS: EF% = (sv/edv) x 100%
Stroke Volume (SV) formula CORRECT ANSWERS: EDV - ESV
What is stroke volume (SV)? CORRECT ANSWERS: Amount of blood pumped out of
each ventricle during a single heart beat.
What is the chiari network? CORRECT ANSWERS: Network of fibers originating from
eustachian valve.
Where can the chiari network be found CORRECT ANSWERS: Right atria
What is the most anterior chamber of the heart? CORRECT ANSWERS: Right ventricle
Which pair of intensities has the lowest value? CORRECT ANSWERS: SATA (spatial
average and temporal average)
Where is the Eustachian valve located ? CORRECT ANSWERS: In between the IVC and
the right atrium.
What's another name for the Right Ventricular Outflow Tract (RVOT) ? CORRECT
ANSWERS: Infundibulum
Where is the coronary sinus located in relation to the descending aorta? CORRECT
ANSWERS: Anterior
The three cusps of the tricuspid valve are? CORRECT ANSWERS: Anterior
Medial
Posterior
,What's the two main layers of the pericardium? CORRECT ANSWERS: 1.) Visceral = lies
directly upon external surface of the heart and is commonly referred to as the
epicardium.
2,) Parietal = or fibrous pericardium is the thick outer sac.
*The pericardial cavity lies between these two layers.
What is the normal pressure for the right ventricle ? CORRECT ANSWERS: 25/5 mmHg
What is the normal pressure for the pulmonary artery? CORRECT ANSWERS: 25/10
mmHg
What is the normal pressure for the left atrium? CORRECT ANSWERS: 10mmHg
What is the normal pressure for the aorta ? CORRECT ANSWERS: 120/80 mmHg
What are the two cusps of the mitral valve ? CORRECT ANSWERS: Anterior (long) and
the posterior (short)
When is the left ventricular pressure the lowest? CORRECT ANSWERS: Early diastole
What is Becks Triad and what does it cause? CORRECT ANSWERS: AKA cardiac
tamponade. Causes an elevated pressure in heart, hypotension and a quiet heart
What are the effects of pulmonary HTN ? CORRECT ANSWERS: Dilated pulmonary
artery
Severe TR
RV dilation
What happens to the size of an aneurysm during systole? CORRECT ANSWERS: It
increases
In patients with A-Fib which heart sound would be missing ? CORRECT ANSWERS:
Fourth
What is the normal O2 saturation of the left heart ? CORRECT ANSWERS: 98%
What is cardiac output? CORRECT ANSWERS: It is the total amount of blood ejected
per minute.
*cardiac output = stroke volume x HR
*normal cardiac output = 4-8 liters/minute
Effects of left side heart failure CORRECT ANSWERS: Blood backs up to lungs and
patient has shortness of breath
What part of the heart is affected when there is pulmonary edema ? CORRECT
ANSWERS: Left side of heart
, What is the primary cause of Congestive Heart Failure? CORRECT ANSWERS: Systolic
dysfunction.
What part of the heart is affected when there is peripheral edema? CORRECT
ANSWERS: Right side of the heart
When the foremen ovale closes after birth due to increased left atrial pressure the
spot it was located is now called? CORRECT ANSWERS: Fossa ovalis
Mitral regurge hemodynamic evaluation is done in ? CORRECT ANSWERS: Systole
Aortic stenosis evaluation is done in? CORRECT ANSWERS: Systole
Tricuspid stenosis evaluation is done in ? CORRECT ANSWERS: Diastole
What is Dresslers syndrome ? CORRECT ANSWERS: Pericardial effusion after
myocardial infarction
Is left atrial thrombus common in patients with mitral stenosis? CORRECT ANSWERS:
Yes, especially in appendage
What are 3 factors affecting stroke volume? CORRECT ANSWERS: Preload, after-load,
contractility
What is fractional shortening? CORRECT ANSWERS: It is the fraction of any diastolic
dimension that is lost in systole.
*normal range = 25-45%
If a patient has a stroke volume of 70ml and a heart rate of 90bpm what would be
their cardiac output? CORRECT ANSWERS: Cardiac Output= Stroke volume x heart rate
70ml x 90bpm = 630ml/minute
What is QP and QS? CORRECT ANSWERS: QP= pulmonary circulatory flow
QS= systemic circulatory flow
Atrial septal defect surgery is mainly considered when the QP/QS ratio exceed?
CORRECT ANSWERS: 1:5
*normal = 1:1
What are the 2 most common encountered congenital heart lesions diagnosed in
adults ? CORRECT ANSWERS: Atrial septal defect
Bicuspid aortic valve
What chamber of the heart would be greater affected in patients with ventricular
septal defects and left to right shunting? CORRECT ANSWERS: Right atrium
COMPLETE SOLUTIONS
Cavitation is CORRECT ANSWERS: The creation or vibration of small gas filled bodies
by the ultrasound beam. (Tends to occur only with higher-intensity exposures.
The 6 intensities from highest to lowest are CORRECT ANSWERS: 1.) SPTP 4.) SATP
2.)SPPA 5.) SAPA
3.)SPTA 6.) SATA
What tricuspid valve leaflets are noted in PLAX? CORRECT ANSWERS: Anterior and
medial/septal posterior.
Formula for calculating EF? CORRECT ANSWERS: EF% = (sv/edv) x 100%
Stroke Volume (SV) formula CORRECT ANSWERS: EDV - ESV
What is stroke volume (SV)? CORRECT ANSWERS: Amount of blood pumped out of
each ventricle during a single heart beat.
What is the chiari network? CORRECT ANSWERS: Network of fibers originating from
eustachian valve.
Where can the chiari network be found CORRECT ANSWERS: Right atria
What is the most anterior chamber of the heart? CORRECT ANSWERS: Right ventricle
Which pair of intensities has the lowest value? CORRECT ANSWERS: SATA (spatial
average and temporal average)
Where is the Eustachian valve located ? CORRECT ANSWERS: In between the IVC and
the right atrium.
What's another name for the Right Ventricular Outflow Tract (RVOT) ? CORRECT
ANSWERS: Infundibulum
Where is the coronary sinus located in relation to the descending aorta? CORRECT
ANSWERS: Anterior
The three cusps of the tricuspid valve are? CORRECT ANSWERS: Anterior
Medial
Posterior
,What's the two main layers of the pericardium? CORRECT ANSWERS: 1.) Visceral = lies
directly upon external surface of the heart and is commonly referred to as the
epicardium.
2,) Parietal = or fibrous pericardium is the thick outer sac.
*The pericardial cavity lies between these two layers.
What is the normal pressure for the right ventricle ? CORRECT ANSWERS: 25/5 mmHg
What is the normal pressure for the pulmonary artery? CORRECT ANSWERS: 25/10
mmHg
What is the normal pressure for the left atrium? CORRECT ANSWERS: 10mmHg
What is the normal pressure for the aorta ? CORRECT ANSWERS: 120/80 mmHg
What are the two cusps of the mitral valve ? CORRECT ANSWERS: Anterior (long) and
the posterior (short)
When is the left ventricular pressure the lowest? CORRECT ANSWERS: Early diastole
What is Becks Triad and what does it cause? CORRECT ANSWERS: AKA cardiac
tamponade. Causes an elevated pressure in heart, hypotension and a quiet heart
What are the effects of pulmonary HTN ? CORRECT ANSWERS: Dilated pulmonary
artery
Severe TR
RV dilation
What happens to the size of an aneurysm during systole? CORRECT ANSWERS: It
increases
In patients with A-Fib which heart sound would be missing ? CORRECT ANSWERS:
Fourth
What is the normal O2 saturation of the left heart ? CORRECT ANSWERS: 98%
What is cardiac output? CORRECT ANSWERS: It is the total amount of blood ejected
per minute.
*cardiac output = stroke volume x HR
*normal cardiac output = 4-8 liters/minute
Effects of left side heart failure CORRECT ANSWERS: Blood backs up to lungs and
patient has shortness of breath
What part of the heart is affected when there is pulmonary edema ? CORRECT
ANSWERS: Left side of heart
, What is the primary cause of Congestive Heart Failure? CORRECT ANSWERS: Systolic
dysfunction.
What part of the heart is affected when there is peripheral edema? CORRECT
ANSWERS: Right side of the heart
When the foremen ovale closes after birth due to increased left atrial pressure the
spot it was located is now called? CORRECT ANSWERS: Fossa ovalis
Mitral regurge hemodynamic evaluation is done in ? CORRECT ANSWERS: Systole
Aortic stenosis evaluation is done in? CORRECT ANSWERS: Systole
Tricuspid stenosis evaluation is done in ? CORRECT ANSWERS: Diastole
What is Dresslers syndrome ? CORRECT ANSWERS: Pericardial effusion after
myocardial infarction
Is left atrial thrombus common in patients with mitral stenosis? CORRECT ANSWERS:
Yes, especially in appendage
What are 3 factors affecting stroke volume? CORRECT ANSWERS: Preload, after-load,
contractility
What is fractional shortening? CORRECT ANSWERS: It is the fraction of any diastolic
dimension that is lost in systole.
*normal range = 25-45%
If a patient has a stroke volume of 70ml and a heart rate of 90bpm what would be
their cardiac output? CORRECT ANSWERS: Cardiac Output= Stroke volume x heart rate
70ml x 90bpm = 630ml/minute
What is QP and QS? CORRECT ANSWERS: QP= pulmonary circulatory flow
QS= systemic circulatory flow
Atrial septal defect surgery is mainly considered when the QP/QS ratio exceed?
CORRECT ANSWERS: 1:5
*normal = 1:1
What are the 2 most common encountered congenital heart lesions diagnosed in
adults ? CORRECT ANSWERS: Atrial septal defect
Bicuspid aortic valve
What chamber of the heart would be greater affected in patients with ventricular
septal defects and left to right shunting? CORRECT ANSWERS: Right atrium
