CRAT Exam Questions With 100%
Correct Answers 2026
Chronotropic - Correct Answer-heart rate
Inotropic - Correct Answer-force of myocardial contractility
Dromotropic - Correct Answer-conduction velocity through the AV node
Systole - Correct Answer-contraction of chamber, blood is being ejected. Pressure rises
during systole.
Diastole - Correct Answer-rest, relaxation of chamber, chamber is allowed to fill.
Pressure falls during diastole.
Stroke Volume - Correct Answer-the amount of blood left ventricle pumps in each beat.
(mL/beat)
Cardiac output- definition - Correct Answer-The amount of blood pumped into the aorta
each minute. (units= mL/min)
Cardiac output- equation - Correct Answer-(HR) X (Stroke Volume) Avg. healthy adult=
4-8 L/min
Venous return - Correct Answer-amount of blood flowing into the right heart from the
systemic ciruclation
Blood Pressure- definition - Correct Answer-force exerted by the blood against the walls
of the arteries as the ventricles contract and relax
Blood pressure- equation - Correct Answer-(cardiac output) X (peripheral resistance) or
you could put it another way: (HR)(Stroke Volume)(Peripheral Resistance)
An increase in Potassium or decrease in Calcium cause the heart to be ____. - Correct
Answer-flaccid, limp, dilated, lower HR
Excess Calcium can cause the heart to be _____. - Correct Answer-spastic
contractions.
Although about 70% of ventricular filling occurs passively, ______ ______ contributes
an additional 10% to 30% of blood flow to ventricular filling. - Correct Answer-atrial kick
, The area in the middle of the thoracic cavity in which the heart lies is the: - Correct
Answer-Mediastinum
The inferior surface of the heart is formed by the - Correct Answer-Right and left
ventricles
Receives blood from the superior and inferior vena cavae and the coronary sinus -
Correct Answer-The right atrium
The right ventricle - Correct Answer-Pumps unoxygenated blood into the pulmonary
circulation
The _____ pericardium is the inner layer of the pericardium, which is also the outer
layer of the heart wall called the _____. - Correct Answer-Visceral, epicardium
When a ventricle relaxes in the normal heart, blood is prevented from flowing back into
it by - Correct Answer-A semilunar valve
Which of the following conditions are potentially reversible? - Correct Answer-
Myocardial ischemia and myocardial injury
Which of the following is the innermost layer of the heart that lines its inner chambers,
valves and is continuous with the innermost layers of the arteries, veins and capillaries
of the body? - Correct Answer-Endocardium
Which of the following statements is CORRECT - Correct Answer-A branch of the right
coronary artery supplies the right atrium and the right ventricle
The main electrolytes that affect cardiac function are - Correct Answer-Sodium,
potassium, chloride, calcium
When an ECG machine is properly calibrated, a 1-millivolt (mV) electrical signal will
produce a deflection measuring exactly ______ tall. - Correct Answer-Ten millimeters
The ST segment is measured from - Correct Answer-The end of the QRS to the
beginning of the T wave
Where is the positive electrode placed in Lead III? - Correct Answer-Left leg/foot
Five large boxes, each consisting of five small boxes, represent _____ on ECG paper. -
Correct Answer-One second
Another term for ventricular escape rhythm - Correct Answer-Idioventricular Rhythm
(IVR)
Agonal rhythm - Correct Answer-IVR with HR < 20 bpm
Correct Answers 2026
Chronotropic - Correct Answer-heart rate
Inotropic - Correct Answer-force of myocardial contractility
Dromotropic - Correct Answer-conduction velocity through the AV node
Systole - Correct Answer-contraction of chamber, blood is being ejected. Pressure rises
during systole.
Diastole - Correct Answer-rest, relaxation of chamber, chamber is allowed to fill.
Pressure falls during diastole.
Stroke Volume - Correct Answer-the amount of blood left ventricle pumps in each beat.
(mL/beat)
Cardiac output- definition - Correct Answer-The amount of blood pumped into the aorta
each minute. (units= mL/min)
Cardiac output- equation - Correct Answer-(HR) X (Stroke Volume) Avg. healthy adult=
4-8 L/min
Venous return - Correct Answer-amount of blood flowing into the right heart from the
systemic ciruclation
Blood Pressure- definition - Correct Answer-force exerted by the blood against the walls
of the arteries as the ventricles contract and relax
Blood pressure- equation - Correct Answer-(cardiac output) X (peripheral resistance) or
you could put it another way: (HR)(Stroke Volume)(Peripheral Resistance)
An increase in Potassium or decrease in Calcium cause the heart to be ____. - Correct
Answer-flaccid, limp, dilated, lower HR
Excess Calcium can cause the heart to be _____. - Correct Answer-spastic
contractions.
Although about 70% of ventricular filling occurs passively, ______ ______ contributes
an additional 10% to 30% of blood flow to ventricular filling. - Correct Answer-atrial kick
, The area in the middle of the thoracic cavity in which the heart lies is the: - Correct
Answer-Mediastinum
The inferior surface of the heart is formed by the - Correct Answer-Right and left
ventricles
Receives blood from the superior and inferior vena cavae and the coronary sinus -
Correct Answer-The right atrium
The right ventricle - Correct Answer-Pumps unoxygenated blood into the pulmonary
circulation
The _____ pericardium is the inner layer of the pericardium, which is also the outer
layer of the heart wall called the _____. - Correct Answer-Visceral, epicardium
When a ventricle relaxes in the normal heart, blood is prevented from flowing back into
it by - Correct Answer-A semilunar valve
Which of the following conditions are potentially reversible? - Correct Answer-
Myocardial ischemia and myocardial injury
Which of the following is the innermost layer of the heart that lines its inner chambers,
valves and is continuous with the innermost layers of the arteries, veins and capillaries
of the body? - Correct Answer-Endocardium
Which of the following statements is CORRECT - Correct Answer-A branch of the right
coronary artery supplies the right atrium and the right ventricle
The main electrolytes that affect cardiac function are - Correct Answer-Sodium,
potassium, chloride, calcium
When an ECG machine is properly calibrated, a 1-millivolt (mV) electrical signal will
produce a deflection measuring exactly ______ tall. - Correct Answer-Ten millimeters
The ST segment is measured from - Correct Answer-The end of the QRS to the
beginning of the T wave
Where is the positive electrode placed in Lead III? - Correct Answer-Left leg/foot
Five large boxes, each consisting of five small boxes, represent _____ on ECG paper. -
Correct Answer-One second
Another term for ventricular escape rhythm - Correct Answer-Idioventricular Rhythm
(IVR)
Agonal rhythm - Correct Answer-IVR with HR < 20 bpm
