Btec Applied Science Unit One Biology (Test questions with
correct answers)
What is the function of the mitochondria? correct answers cellular respiration
What is the function of the ribosomes? correct answers protein synthesis
What is the function of the smooth endoplasmic reticulum? correct answers Synthesis and
transport of lipids and carbohydrates
What is the function of the Golgi apparatus? correct answers Modified and packaged proteins
into vesicles for transport
What is the function of the lysosomes? correct answers Digests old cell material and waste
What is the function of the centrioles? correct answers Form into spindle fibres for cell division
What is the function of the chloroplasts? correct answers photosynthesis
What is the function of the tonoplasts? correct answers The membrane around the vacuole to
keep it together
What is the function of the vacuole? correct answers Maintain turgid pressure in the plant cell
What is the function of the plasmodestmata? correct answers To allow materials to pass through
the cell wall
What is the function of the amyloplasts? correct answers Starch synthesis and storage
Name three organelles which are only in plant cells correct answers Vacuole, chloroplasts, cell
wall
Define eukaryotic cells correct answers Are part of a multicellular organisms
Define prokaryotic cells correct answers Are unicellular organisms
Name two differences between eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells? correct answers Eukaryotic has
a nucleus but prokaryotic doesn't my eukaryotic has a membrane bound organelles while
prokaryotic doesn't
What two dyes are used to show gram positive and gram negative bacteria? correct answers
Crystal violet and safranin
, Describe the difference between gram positive and gram negative? correct answers Gram
negative has thin cell walls so the ethanol washes out the crystal violet, so they appear safranin
pink. Gram positive appears purple
Describe the key features of a sperm cell? correct answers Across one to penetrate the egg, tail
for swimming, lots of mitochondria for energy
Describe the features of egg cells? correct answers Hormones to attract the speed, zona pellucuda
to protect the egg, corona radiate to supply protein to developing foetus
What is TEM? correct answers Transmission electron microscope
What is SEM? correct answers Scanning electron microscope
Compare TEM and SEM correct answers TEM produces images of thin slices of material
whereas SEM looks at the surface topography. Both are very magnified compared to the light
microscopes and require dead samples.
Describe how a light microscope works correct answers Light microscopes use visible light and
magnifying lenses to observe small objects
Describe how an electron microscope works correct answers They use a beam of electrons in a
vacuum with a wavelength of less than 1 nm to visualise the specimen
Give one positive and one limitation of light microscopes correct answers Positive - can observe
living structures
Negative - relatively low magnification (x500) and resolution (x200nm)
Give one positive and one negative of electron microscopes correct answers Positive - high
magnification (x500000) and resolution (0.1nm)
Negative - destroys the sample
Magnification equation correct answers magnification = image size/actual size
Describe the key features of a palisade cell correct answers Found in leaves, they are rectangular
box shaped cells that contain chloroplasts. The chloroplasts can absorb light for photosynthesis.
Chloroplasts move around in the cytoplasm to maximise the amount of light absorbed
Describe the key features of a root hair cell correct answers Found in a plants roots near the
growing tip. They have long hair like extensions called root hairs. They increase the surface area
of the cell to maximise the movement of water and minerals.
Describe the key features of a red blood cell (erythrocytes) correct answers Biconcave in shape
increases the surface area to volume ratio. They are flexible so that they can squeeze through the
narrow capillaries. They have no nucleus, this increases space for haemoglobin to carry oxygen
correct answers)
What is the function of the mitochondria? correct answers cellular respiration
What is the function of the ribosomes? correct answers protein synthesis
What is the function of the smooth endoplasmic reticulum? correct answers Synthesis and
transport of lipids and carbohydrates
What is the function of the Golgi apparatus? correct answers Modified and packaged proteins
into vesicles for transport
What is the function of the lysosomes? correct answers Digests old cell material and waste
What is the function of the centrioles? correct answers Form into spindle fibres for cell division
What is the function of the chloroplasts? correct answers photosynthesis
What is the function of the tonoplasts? correct answers The membrane around the vacuole to
keep it together
What is the function of the vacuole? correct answers Maintain turgid pressure in the plant cell
What is the function of the plasmodestmata? correct answers To allow materials to pass through
the cell wall
What is the function of the amyloplasts? correct answers Starch synthesis and storage
Name three organelles which are only in plant cells correct answers Vacuole, chloroplasts, cell
wall
Define eukaryotic cells correct answers Are part of a multicellular organisms
Define prokaryotic cells correct answers Are unicellular organisms
Name two differences between eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells? correct answers Eukaryotic has
a nucleus but prokaryotic doesn't my eukaryotic has a membrane bound organelles while
prokaryotic doesn't
What two dyes are used to show gram positive and gram negative bacteria? correct answers
Crystal violet and safranin
, Describe the difference between gram positive and gram negative? correct answers Gram
negative has thin cell walls so the ethanol washes out the crystal violet, so they appear safranin
pink. Gram positive appears purple
Describe the key features of a sperm cell? correct answers Across one to penetrate the egg, tail
for swimming, lots of mitochondria for energy
Describe the features of egg cells? correct answers Hormones to attract the speed, zona pellucuda
to protect the egg, corona radiate to supply protein to developing foetus
What is TEM? correct answers Transmission electron microscope
What is SEM? correct answers Scanning electron microscope
Compare TEM and SEM correct answers TEM produces images of thin slices of material
whereas SEM looks at the surface topography. Both are very magnified compared to the light
microscopes and require dead samples.
Describe how a light microscope works correct answers Light microscopes use visible light and
magnifying lenses to observe small objects
Describe how an electron microscope works correct answers They use a beam of electrons in a
vacuum with a wavelength of less than 1 nm to visualise the specimen
Give one positive and one limitation of light microscopes correct answers Positive - can observe
living structures
Negative - relatively low magnification (x500) and resolution (x200nm)
Give one positive and one negative of electron microscopes correct answers Positive - high
magnification (x500000) and resolution (0.1nm)
Negative - destroys the sample
Magnification equation correct answers magnification = image size/actual size
Describe the key features of a palisade cell correct answers Found in leaves, they are rectangular
box shaped cells that contain chloroplasts. The chloroplasts can absorb light for photosynthesis.
Chloroplasts move around in the cytoplasm to maximise the amount of light absorbed
Describe the key features of a root hair cell correct answers Found in a plants roots near the
growing tip. They have long hair like extensions called root hairs. They increase the surface area
of the cell to maximise the movement of water and minerals.
Describe the key features of a red blood cell (erythrocytes) correct answers Biconcave in shape
increases the surface area to volume ratio. They are flexible so that they can squeeze through the
narrow capillaries. They have no nucleus, this increases space for haemoglobin to carry oxygen
