Biodiversity Brooks, Brooks Biodiversity Unit 3 Exam With Complete
Answers,A+ (Already Passed)
1. Phylum Porifera:ANS
Sponges Parazoans-poorly defined
tissues
2. Metazoa:ANS multicellular animals
3. Phylum Porifera- General characteristics:ANS Sponges
- Sessile
- Filter water through canal system
- Mostly marine
4. Phylum Porifera (sponges)- body plans:ANS body plans
- Asconoid-body bag
-Syconoid-body wall forms
- Leuconoid-most complicated
5. Asconoid:ANS Sponge body
plan Bag shape
most simple
6. Phylum Porifera (sponges)- General morphology:ANS -Body layers
,- Outer:
- Porocytes
- Myocytes
- Middle (Mesohyl)
-Spicules
- Spongin
- Amoebocytes
- Collencytes
- Inner
"Choanocytes"
7. Phylum Porifera (sponges)-outer body layers: - Porocytes: specialized pore cells
- Myocytes: muscle-like cells
8. Phylum Porifera (sponges)-middle body layers: -Spicules: provide support
- Spongin: protein compound that gives spongy feel
,- Amoebocytes: similar to stem cells that produce spicules and spongin
- Collencytes(nerve-like cells): useful for structure. look like neurons and believe to have a precursor to a nervous system
9. Collencytes: Phylum Porifera (sponges)-middle body layer
(nerve-like cells): useful for structure. look like neurons and believe to have a precursor to a nervous system
10. Do sponges have a nervous system?: No
11. Phylum Porifera (sponges)-inner body layers: "Choanocytes":
cells that can trap particles and water into the cell. -Morphologically similar to the choanoflagellate.
12. Do sponges have muscles?: No
13. name of middle body layer of sponge?: mesohyl
14. What can spicules be made of?: calcium carbonate or silica dioxide
15. Sponge Reproduction Asexual: -Regeneration: grow into more of itself
-Budding: a piece can break away and regrow somewhere else
-Gemmules: spore like structure, that allows them to survive the dry periods.
16. Sponge Reproduction sexual: - Dioecious: Separate sexes
- Monoecious (hermaphrodites): Sperm and egg on one organism use
the water column for fertilization
17. are sponges dioecious or monoecious?: Both
18. Sponge Classification: Class Calcarea
Class Hexactinellida: Glass sponges
Class Demospongiae-most species
Class Sclerospongiae-rare sponge found in caves of coral reefs
19. Class Calcarea: Phylum Porifera (sponges)
20. Class Hexactinellida: Glass sponges: Phylum Porifera (sponges)
21. Class Demospongiae-most species: Phylum Porifera (sponges)
22. Class Sclerospongiae-rare sponge found in caves of coral reefs: Phylum Porifera
(sponges)
23. Phylum Cnidaria: Branch Eumetazoa (true tissues)
Grade Radiata
two true tissue layers
24. Phylum Cnidaria-general characteristics: - Mouth w/tentacles
- No anus, but has gut (incomplete GI tract): regurgitate their food
, - Cnidae
- Diploblastic w/organs: Epidermis & gastrodermis
25. No anus, but has gut (incomplete GI tract): regurgitate their food: Phylum Cnidaria
26. Cnidae in Cnidaria: Nematocyst: Most significant.
thread with toxin everted
Spirocyst: Elongated thread for adhesion
Ptychocyst: substance used to construct tube for borrowing sea anemones
27. Nematocyst: Phylum Cnidaria
Most significant.
thread with toxin everted
28. Spirocyst: Phylum Cnidaria
Elongated thread for adhesion
29. Ptychocyst: Phylum Cnidaria
substance used to construct tube for borrowing sea anemones
30. What is the jelly aspect of Phylum Cnidaria?: Mesoglea
31. Mesoglea: Jelly like body layer on the jellyfish
32. Cnidarians have three body layers?: True
Epidermis
Mesoglea
Gastrodermis
33. Cnidarians have two tissue layers?: True
Epidermis
Gastrodermis
34. Phylum Cnidaria-General morphology: "Polyp"-sedentary (sessile)
"Medusa"-mobile
35. life cycle of Cnidarians-metagenesis: superficially, this might resemble alternation of generations in plants.
However, metagenesis does not involve two types of individuals with ditterent ploidy. Instead, cnidarians typically (but not always)
alternate between a diploid polyp and diploid medusa. Because medusae are more motile, they usually produce gametes via
meiosis. The polyp is more sedentary or sessile, but typically reproduces asexually via mitosis.
Answers,A+ (Already Passed)
1. Phylum Porifera:ANS
Sponges Parazoans-poorly defined
tissues
2. Metazoa:ANS multicellular animals
3. Phylum Porifera- General characteristics:ANS Sponges
- Sessile
- Filter water through canal system
- Mostly marine
4. Phylum Porifera (sponges)- body plans:ANS body plans
- Asconoid-body bag
-Syconoid-body wall forms
- Leuconoid-most complicated
5. Asconoid:ANS Sponge body
plan Bag shape
most simple
6. Phylum Porifera (sponges)- General morphology:ANS -Body layers
,- Outer:
- Porocytes
- Myocytes
- Middle (Mesohyl)
-Spicules
- Spongin
- Amoebocytes
- Collencytes
- Inner
"Choanocytes"
7. Phylum Porifera (sponges)-outer body layers: - Porocytes: specialized pore cells
- Myocytes: muscle-like cells
8. Phylum Porifera (sponges)-middle body layers: -Spicules: provide support
- Spongin: protein compound that gives spongy feel
,- Amoebocytes: similar to stem cells that produce spicules and spongin
- Collencytes(nerve-like cells): useful for structure. look like neurons and believe to have a precursor to a nervous system
9. Collencytes: Phylum Porifera (sponges)-middle body layer
(nerve-like cells): useful for structure. look like neurons and believe to have a precursor to a nervous system
10. Do sponges have a nervous system?: No
11. Phylum Porifera (sponges)-inner body layers: "Choanocytes":
cells that can trap particles and water into the cell. -Morphologically similar to the choanoflagellate.
12. Do sponges have muscles?: No
13. name of middle body layer of sponge?: mesohyl
14. What can spicules be made of?: calcium carbonate or silica dioxide
15. Sponge Reproduction Asexual: -Regeneration: grow into more of itself
-Budding: a piece can break away and regrow somewhere else
-Gemmules: spore like structure, that allows them to survive the dry periods.
16. Sponge Reproduction sexual: - Dioecious: Separate sexes
- Monoecious (hermaphrodites): Sperm and egg on one organism use
the water column for fertilization
17. are sponges dioecious or monoecious?: Both
18. Sponge Classification: Class Calcarea
Class Hexactinellida: Glass sponges
Class Demospongiae-most species
Class Sclerospongiae-rare sponge found in caves of coral reefs
19. Class Calcarea: Phylum Porifera (sponges)
20. Class Hexactinellida: Glass sponges: Phylum Porifera (sponges)
21. Class Demospongiae-most species: Phylum Porifera (sponges)
22. Class Sclerospongiae-rare sponge found in caves of coral reefs: Phylum Porifera
(sponges)
23. Phylum Cnidaria: Branch Eumetazoa (true tissues)
Grade Radiata
two true tissue layers
24. Phylum Cnidaria-general characteristics: - Mouth w/tentacles
- No anus, but has gut (incomplete GI tract): regurgitate their food
, - Cnidae
- Diploblastic w/organs: Epidermis & gastrodermis
25. No anus, but has gut (incomplete GI tract): regurgitate their food: Phylum Cnidaria
26. Cnidae in Cnidaria: Nematocyst: Most significant.
thread with toxin everted
Spirocyst: Elongated thread for adhesion
Ptychocyst: substance used to construct tube for borrowing sea anemones
27. Nematocyst: Phylum Cnidaria
Most significant.
thread with toxin everted
28. Spirocyst: Phylum Cnidaria
Elongated thread for adhesion
29. Ptychocyst: Phylum Cnidaria
substance used to construct tube for borrowing sea anemones
30. What is the jelly aspect of Phylum Cnidaria?: Mesoglea
31. Mesoglea: Jelly like body layer on the jellyfish
32. Cnidarians have three body layers?: True
Epidermis
Mesoglea
Gastrodermis
33. Cnidarians have two tissue layers?: True
Epidermis
Gastrodermis
34. Phylum Cnidaria-General morphology: "Polyp"-sedentary (sessile)
"Medusa"-mobile
35. life cycle of Cnidarians-metagenesis: superficially, this might resemble alternation of generations in plants.
However, metagenesis does not involve two types of individuals with ditterent ploidy. Instead, cnidarians typically (but not always)
alternate between a diploid polyp and diploid medusa. Because medusae are more motile, they usually produce gametes via
meiosis. The polyp is more sedentary or sessile, but typically reproduces asexually via mitosis.
