TPATC – TRANSPORT PROFESSIONAL ADVANCED TRAUMA |
EXAM QUESTIONS AND 100% VERIFIED ANSWERS | NEW
UPDATED 2026/2027 | GRADED A+ | GUARANTEED PASS.
1. Q: What is the primary goal of the primary assessment in trauma?
ANSWER To identify and treat immediate life-threatening conditions using
the ABCDE approach.
2. Q: What does the "A" in ABCDE stand for? ANSWER Airway with cervical
spine protection.
3. Q: What are the indications for immediate airway intervention? ANSWER
Complete airway obstruction, severe respiratory distress, GCS ≤8, inability
to protect airway.
4. Q: What is the most common cause of airway obstruction in trauma
patients? ANSWER The tongue falling back and blocking the airway.
5. Q: What maneuver should be used to open the airway in trauma
patients? ANSWER Jaw thrust maneuver (maintains cervical spine
alignment).
6. Q: When is a surgical airway indicated? ANSWER When endotracheal
intubation is impossible or contraindicated, such as severe facial trauma or
laryngeal injury.
7. Q: What breathing rate indicates respiratory compromise in adults?
ANSWER <10 or >29 breaths per minute.
8. Q: What are the signs of tension pneumothorax? ANSWER Respiratory
distress, tracheal deviation, absent breath sounds, distended neck veins,
hypotension.
9. Q: What is the immediate treatment for tension pneumothorax? ANSWER
Needle thoracostomy at the 2nd intercostal space, midclavicular line.
,10. Q: What constitutes adequate circulation assessment? ANSWER Pulse
quality, capillary refill, skin color/temperature, blood pressure, mental
status.
11. Q: What are the four classes of hemorrhagic shock? ANSWER Class I
(<15% blood loss), Class II (15-30%), Class III (30-40%), Class IV (>40%).
12. Q: What is the Glasgow Coma Scale maximum score? ANSWER 15 (Eyes
4, Verbal 5, Motor 6).
13. Q: At what GCS score should intubation be considered? ANSWER GCS ≤8.
14. Q: What does "E" in ABCDE represent? ANSWER Exposure and
environmental control.
15. Q: What is the purpose of the secondary assessment? ANSWER
Systematic head-to-toe examination to identify all injuries after life threats
are addressed.
16. Q: What is the Revised Trauma Score based on? ANSWER Glasgow Coma
Scale, systolic blood pressure, and respiratory rate.
17. Q: What mechanism of injury suggests high energy transfer? ANSWER
Falls >20 feet, motor vehicle crashes >40 mph, motorcycle crashes >35
mph, pedestrian struck >20 mph.
18. Q: What is the golden hour concept? ANSWER The first hour after trauma
when immediate care can significantly impact survival.
19. Q: What are the components of AMPLE history? ANSWER Allergies,
Medications, Past medical history, Last meal, Events leading to injury.
20. Q: What is the normal capillary refill time? ANSWER Less than 2 seconds
in adults, less than 3 seconds in children.
21. Q: What blood pressure indicates hypotension in adults? ANSWER
Systolic BP <90 mmHg.
22. Q: What is the normal range for adult respiratory rate? ANSWER 12-20
breaths per minute.
23. Q: What is pulsus paradoxus? ANSWER A drop in systolic pressure >10
mmHg during inspiration, suggesting cardiac tamponade.
, 24. Q: What are Beck's triad signs? ANSWER Elevated JVP, muffled heart
sounds, hypotension (cardiac tamponade).
25. Q: What is the treatment for cardiac tamponade? ANSWER
Pericardiocentesis or surgical intervention.
26. Q: What is neurogenic shock? ANSWER Shock caused by spinal cord
injury resulting in loss of sympathetic tone.
27. Q: What is the primary concern with open fractures? ANSWER Risk of
infection and significant blood loss.
28. Q: What is compartment syndrome? ANSWER Increased pressure within
a muscle compartment that compromises circulation.
29. Q: What are the 5 P's of compartment syndrome? ANSWER Pain, Pallor,
Paresthesias, Pulselessness, Paralysis.
30. Q: What is the most reliable early sign of compartment syndrome?
ANSWER Pain out of proportion to physical findings, especially with
passive stretch.
31. Q: What is the definition of polytrauma? ANSWER Multiple injuries with
at least one or combination being life-threatening.
32. Q: What is the Injury Severity Score (ISS)? ANSWER A scoring system
from 0-75 that correlates with mortality and morbidity.
33. Q: What ISS score indicates major trauma? ANSWER ISS >15.
34. Q: What is the most common cause of preventable death in trauma?
ANSWER Uncontrolled hemorrhage.
35. Q: What is the lethal triad in trauma? ANSWER Hypothermia, acidosis,
and coagulopathy.
36. Q: What is damage control surgery? ANSWER Rapid control of
hemorrhage and contamination, temporary closure, correction of
physiology.
37. Q: What is the target systolic BP in penetrating trauma with concern for
ongoing bleeding? ANSWER 80-90 mmHg (permissive hypotension).
38. Q: What is the NEXUS criteria used for? ANSWER To determine when
cervical spine imaging is not necessary.
EXAM QUESTIONS AND 100% VERIFIED ANSWERS | NEW
UPDATED 2026/2027 | GRADED A+ | GUARANTEED PASS.
1. Q: What is the primary goal of the primary assessment in trauma?
ANSWER To identify and treat immediate life-threatening conditions using
the ABCDE approach.
2. Q: What does the "A" in ABCDE stand for? ANSWER Airway with cervical
spine protection.
3. Q: What are the indications for immediate airway intervention? ANSWER
Complete airway obstruction, severe respiratory distress, GCS ≤8, inability
to protect airway.
4. Q: What is the most common cause of airway obstruction in trauma
patients? ANSWER The tongue falling back and blocking the airway.
5. Q: What maneuver should be used to open the airway in trauma
patients? ANSWER Jaw thrust maneuver (maintains cervical spine
alignment).
6. Q: When is a surgical airway indicated? ANSWER When endotracheal
intubation is impossible or contraindicated, such as severe facial trauma or
laryngeal injury.
7. Q: What breathing rate indicates respiratory compromise in adults?
ANSWER <10 or >29 breaths per minute.
8. Q: What are the signs of tension pneumothorax? ANSWER Respiratory
distress, tracheal deviation, absent breath sounds, distended neck veins,
hypotension.
9. Q: What is the immediate treatment for tension pneumothorax? ANSWER
Needle thoracostomy at the 2nd intercostal space, midclavicular line.
,10. Q: What constitutes adequate circulation assessment? ANSWER Pulse
quality, capillary refill, skin color/temperature, blood pressure, mental
status.
11. Q: What are the four classes of hemorrhagic shock? ANSWER Class I
(<15% blood loss), Class II (15-30%), Class III (30-40%), Class IV (>40%).
12. Q: What is the Glasgow Coma Scale maximum score? ANSWER 15 (Eyes
4, Verbal 5, Motor 6).
13. Q: At what GCS score should intubation be considered? ANSWER GCS ≤8.
14. Q: What does "E" in ABCDE represent? ANSWER Exposure and
environmental control.
15. Q: What is the purpose of the secondary assessment? ANSWER
Systematic head-to-toe examination to identify all injuries after life threats
are addressed.
16. Q: What is the Revised Trauma Score based on? ANSWER Glasgow Coma
Scale, systolic blood pressure, and respiratory rate.
17. Q: What mechanism of injury suggests high energy transfer? ANSWER
Falls >20 feet, motor vehicle crashes >40 mph, motorcycle crashes >35
mph, pedestrian struck >20 mph.
18. Q: What is the golden hour concept? ANSWER The first hour after trauma
when immediate care can significantly impact survival.
19. Q: What are the components of AMPLE history? ANSWER Allergies,
Medications, Past medical history, Last meal, Events leading to injury.
20. Q: What is the normal capillary refill time? ANSWER Less than 2 seconds
in adults, less than 3 seconds in children.
21. Q: What blood pressure indicates hypotension in adults? ANSWER
Systolic BP <90 mmHg.
22. Q: What is the normal range for adult respiratory rate? ANSWER 12-20
breaths per minute.
23. Q: What is pulsus paradoxus? ANSWER A drop in systolic pressure >10
mmHg during inspiration, suggesting cardiac tamponade.
, 24. Q: What are Beck's triad signs? ANSWER Elevated JVP, muffled heart
sounds, hypotension (cardiac tamponade).
25. Q: What is the treatment for cardiac tamponade? ANSWER
Pericardiocentesis or surgical intervention.
26. Q: What is neurogenic shock? ANSWER Shock caused by spinal cord
injury resulting in loss of sympathetic tone.
27. Q: What is the primary concern with open fractures? ANSWER Risk of
infection and significant blood loss.
28. Q: What is compartment syndrome? ANSWER Increased pressure within
a muscle compartment that compromises circulation.
29. Q: What are the 5 P's of compartment syndrome? ANSWER Pain, Pallor,
Paresthesias, Pulselessness, Paralysis.
30. Q: What is the most reliable early sign of compartment syndrome?
ANSWER Pain out of proportion to physical findings, especially with
passive stretch.
31. Q: What is the definition of polytrauma? ANSWER Multiple injuries with
at least one or combination being life-threatening.
32. Q: What is the Injury Severity Score (ISS)? ANSWER A scoring system
from 0-75 that correlates with mortality and morbidity.
33. Q: What ISS score indicates major trauma? ANSWER ISS >15.
34. Q: What is the most common cause of preventable death in trauma?
ANSWER Uncontrolled hemorrhage.
35. Q: What is the lethal triad in trauma? ANSWER Hypothermia, acidosis,
and coagulopathy.
36. Q: What is damage control surgery? ANSWER Rapid control of
hemorrhage and contamination, temporary closure, correction of
physiology.
37. Q: What is the target systolic BP in penetrating trauma with concern for
ongoing bleeding? ANSWER 80-90 mmHg (permissive hypotension).
38. Q: What is the NEXUS criteria used for? ANSWER To determine when
cervical spine imaging is not necessary.
