NR 507 ADVANCED PATHOPHYSIOLOGY 124 QUESTIONS
AND ANSWERS 2026/2027 || ADVANCED
PATHOPHYSIOLOGY, DISEASE MECHANISMS & CLINICAL
APPLICATION || GRADED A+
124 VERIFIED QUESTIONS & ACCURATE ANSWERS
A patient with normal lungs should be able to exhale __________% of the forced
vital capacity within the first second.
50
70
80
90 - CORRECT ANSWER - 80%
What is forced vital capacity (FVC)? - CORRECT ANSWER - the volume of
air in the lungs that can be exhaled
normal: 80-120%
What is forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1)? - CORRECT
ANSWER - amount of air forcefully exhaled from the lungs in the first second
normal: 80-120%
Simple spirometry can be used to measure any of the following EXCEPT:
,Residual volume.
Vital capacity.
Inspiratory reserve volume.
tidal volume - CORRECT ANSWER - residual volume
The NP is seeing a patient with chronic bronchitis that needs spirometry on today's
visit. What pulmonary function test (PFT) findings are anticipated based on the
diagnosis of chronic bronchitis?
Decreased diffusing capacity.
Decreased forced expiratory flow (FEV1).
Increased lung compliance.
Decreased total lung capacity (TLC). - CORRECT ANSWER - decreased
forced expiratory flow (FEV1)
The NP reviews the results of a patient's pulmonary function tests and notes that
the FEV1, FVC, and total lung capacity (TLC) are reduced. The FEV1/FVC ratio
is normal. Based on interpretation, this reflects:
Combined obstructive-restrictive lung disease.
Restrictive lung disease.
The test is invalid.
Obstructive lung disease. - CORRECT ANSWER - restrictive lung disease
The NP notes that a patient's FEV1/FVC ratio is severely reduced. Which of the
following conditions is most likely the patient's pulmonary issue?
,Morbid obesity.
Pneumonia.
Chronic asthma.
Pulmonary hypertension. - CORRECT ANSWER - chronic asthma
What is FEV1/FVC ratio used for? - CORRECT ANSWER - determines if the
pattern is obstructive, restrictive, or normal
Diffusing Capacity - CORRECT ANSWER - how well the lungs are able to
exchange gas. the higher the surface area the greater the gas exchange
examples of decreased diffusing capacity include emphysema and pulmonary
fibrosis
Residual Volume (RV) - CORRECT ANSWER - the amount of air that
remains in the lungs after a forceful exhalation
Total Lung Capacity (TLC) - CORRECT ANSWER - RV + FVC = TLC
Total lung capacity in obstructive diseases - CORRECT ANSWER - RV and
TLC results will be elevated which reveals air trapping in hyperinflation
, Total lung capacity in restrictive diseases - CORRECT ANSWER - the TLC is
needed to confirm true restriction. It can also help in quantifying the degree of
restriction
Obstructive Pattern - CORRECT ANSWER - if the FEV1/FVC ratio is less
than 70% or less than the lower limit of normal for the patient. FEV1 also falls to a
greater degree than the FVC
Restrictive Pattern - CORRECT ANSWER - if the FEV1/FVC ratio is greater
than 70% or greater than the lower limit of normal, then the spirometry test is
either normal, or restrictive respiratory abnormality is present. To make this
distinction, the NP must look at the TLC. In restrictive disorders, the percent
predicted of TLC is less than 80%.
How do you determine the severity of lung disease? - CORRECT ANSWER -
FEV1 - % predicted
mild - >70%
moderate - 60-70
moderately severe - 50-60
sever - 35-50
very severe < 35%
Obstructive Disorders - CORRECT ANSWER - characterized by a reduction
in airflow
- result in SOB when exhaling air
AND ANSWERS 2026/2027 || ADVANCED
PATHOPHYSIOLOGY, DISEASE MECHANISMS & CLINICAL
APPLICATION || GRADED A+
124 VERIFIED QUESTIONS & ACCURATE ANSWERS
A patient with normal lungs should be able to exhale __________% of the forced
vital capacity within the first second.
50
70
80
90 - CORRECT ANSWER - 80%
What is forced vital capacity (FVC)? - CORRECT ANSWER - the volume of
air in the lungs that can be exhaled
normal: 80-120%
What is forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1)? - CORRECT
ANSWER - amount of air forcefully exhaled from the lungs in the first second
normal: 80-120%
Simple spirometry can be used to measure any of the following EXCEPT:
,Residual volume.
Vital capacity.
Inspiratory reserve volume.
tidal volume - CORRECT ANSWER - residual volume
The NP is seeing a patient with chronic bronchitis that needs spirometry on today's
visit. What pulmonary function test (PFT) findings are anticipated based on the
diagnosis of chronic bronchitis?
Decreased diffusing capacity.
Decreased forced expiratory flow (FEV1).
Increased lung compliance.
Decreased total lung capacity (TLC). - CORRECT ANSWER - decreased
forced expiratory flow (FEV1)
The NP reviews the results of a patient's pulmonary function tests and notes that
the FEV1, FVC, and total lung capacity (TLC) are reduced. The FEV1/FVC ratio
is normal. Based on interpretation, this reflects:
Combined obstructive-restrictive lung disease.
Restrictive lung disease.
The test is invalid.
Obstructive lung disease. - CORRECT ANSWER - restrictive lung disease
The NP notes that a patient's FEV1/FVC ratio is severely reduced. Which of the
following conditions is most likely the patient's pulmonary issue?
,Morbid obesity.
Pneumonia.
Chronic asthma.
Pulmonary hypertension. - CORRECT ANSWER - chronic asthma
What is FEV1/FVC ratio used for? - CORRECT ANSWER - determines if the
pattern is obstructive, restrictive, or normal
Diffusing Capacity - CORRECT ANSWER - how well the lungs are able to
exchange gas. the higher the surface area the greater the gas exchange
examples of decreased diffusing capacity include emphysema and pulmonary
fibrosis
Residual Volume (RV) - CORRECT ANSWER - the amount of air that
remains in the lungs after a forceful exhalation
Total Lung Capacity (TLC) - CORRECT ANSWER - RV + FVC = TLC
Total lung capacity in obstructive diseases - CORRECT ANSWER - RV and
TLC results will be elevated which reveals air trapping in hyperinflation
, Total lung capacity in restrictive diseases - CORRECT ANSWER - the TLC is
needed to confirm true restriction. It can also help in quantifying the degree of
restriction
Obstructive Pattern - CORRECT ANSWER - if the FEV1/FVC ratio is less
than 70% or less than the lower limit of normal for the patient. FEV1 also falls to a
greater degree than the FVC
Restrictive Pattern - CORRECT ANSWER - if the FEV1/FVC ratio is greater
than 70% or greater than the lower limit of normal, then the spirometry test is
either normal, or restrictive respiratory abnormality is present. To make this
distinction, the NP must look at the TLC. In restrictive disorders, the percent
predicted of TLC is less than 80%.
How do you determine the severity of lung disease? - CORRECT ANSWER -
FEV1 - % predicted
mild - >70%
moderate - 60-70
moderately severe - 50-60
sever - 35-50
very severe < 35%
Obstructive Disorders - CORRECT ANSWER - characterized by a reduction
in airflow
- result in SOB when exhaling air
