POLI 1090 EXAM 1 QUESTIONS
WITH 100% VERIFIED ANSWERS
(GRADED A+)
Categorical grants - Answer-Federal grants-in-aid to states and localities that can be
used only for designated projects.
confederacy - Answer-A governmental system in which sovereignty is vested entirely in
subnational (state) governments.
cooperative federalism - Answer-The situation in which the national, state, and local
levels work together to solve problems.
devolution - Answer-The passing down of authority from the national government to the
state and local governments.
dual federalism - Answer-A doctrine based on the idea that a precise separation of
national power and state power is both possible and desirable.
enumerated (expressed) powers - Answer-The seventeen powers granted to the
national government under Article I, Section 8 of the Constitution. These powers include
taxation and the regulation of commerce as well as the authority to provide for the
national defense.
federalism - Answer-A governmental system in which authority is divided between two
sovereign levels of government: national and regional.
fiscal federalism - Answer-A term that refers to the expenditure of federal funds on
programs run in part through states and localities.
grants-in-aid - Answer-Federal cash payments to states and localities for programs they
administer.
implied powers - Answer-The federal government's constitutional authority (through the
"necessary and proper" clause) to take action that is not expressly authorized by the
Constitution but that supports actions that are so authorized.
nationalization - Answer-The process by which national authority has increased over the
course of U.S. history as a result primarily of economic change but also of political
action.
, "necessary and proper" (elastic) clause - Answer-The authority granted Congress in
Article I, Section 8 of the Constitution "to make all laws which shall be necessary and
proper" for the implementation of its enumerated powers.
reserved powers - Answer-The powers granted to the states under the Tenth
Amendment to the Constitution.
sovereignty - Answer-The supreme (or ultimate) authority to govern within a certain
geographical area.
supremacy clause - Answer-Article VI of the Constitution, which makes national law
supreme over state law when the national government is acting within its constitutional
limits.
unitary system - Answer-A governmental system in which the national government
alone has sovereign (ultimate) authority.
public opinion - Answer-The politically relevant opinions held by ordinary citizens that
they express openly.
political culture - Answer-The characteristic and deep-seated beliefs of a particular
people about government and politics.
agents of socialization - Answer-Those agents, such as the family and the media, that
have a significant impact on citizens' political socialization.
political socialization - Answer-The learning process by which people acquire their
political opinions, beliefs, and values.
ideology - Answer-A consistent pattern of opinion on particular issues that stems from a
core belief or set of beliefs.
economic liberals - Answer-Those who believe government should do more to assist
people who have difficulty meeting their economic needs on their own.
economic conservatives - Answer-Those who believe government tries to do too many
things that should be left to private interests and economic markets.
cultural (social) conservatives - Answer-Those who believe government power should
be used to uphold traditional values.
cultural (social) liberals - Answer-Those who believe it is not government's role to
buttress traditional values at the expense of unconventional or new values.
WITH 100% VERIFIED ANSWERS
(GRADED A+)
Categorical grants - Answer-Federal grants-in-aid to states and localities that can be
used only for designated projects.
confederacy - Answer-A governmental system in which sovereignty is vested entirely in
subnational (state) governments.
cooperative federalism - Answer-The situation in which the national, state, and local
levels work together to solve problems.
devolution - Answer-The passing down of authority from the national government to the
state and local governments.
dual federalism - Answer-A doctrine based on the idea that a precise separation of
national power and state power is both possible and desirable.
enumerated (expressed) powers - Answer-The seventeen powers granted to the
national government under Article I, Section 8 of the Constitution. These powers include
taxation and the regulation of commerce as well as the authority to provide for the
national defense.
federalism - Answer-A governmental system in which authority is divided between two
sovereign levels of government: national and regional.
fiscal federalism - Answer-A term that refers to the expenditure of federal funds on
programs run in part through states and localities.
grants-in-aid - Answer-Federal cash payments to states and localities for programs they
administer.
implied powers - Answer-The federal government's constitutional authority (through the
"necessary and proper" clause) to take action that is not expressly authorized by the
Constitution but that supports actions that are so authorized.
nationalization - Answer-The process by which national authority has increased over the
course of U.S. history as a result primarily of economic change but also of political
action.
, "necessary and proper" (elastic) clause - Answer-The authority granted Congress in
Article I, Section 8 of the Constitution "to make all laws which shall be necessary and
proper" for the implementation of its enumerated powers.
reserved powers - Answer-The powers granted to the states under the Tenth
Amendment to the Constitution.
sovereignty - Answer-The supreme (or ultimate) authority to govern within a certain
geographical area.
supremacy clause - Answer-Article VI of the Constitution, which makes national law
supreme over state law when the national government is acting within its constitutional
limits.
unitary system - Answer-A governmental system in which the national government
alone has sovereign (ultimate) authority.
public opinion - Answer-The politically relevant opinions held by ordinary citizens that
they express openly.
political culture - Answer-The characteristic and deep-seated beliefs of a particular
people about government and politics.
agents of socialization - Answer-Those agents, such as the family and the media, that
have a significant impact on citizens' political socialization.
political socialization - Answer-The learning process by which people acquire their
political opinions, beliefs, and values.
ideology - Answer-A consistent pattern of opinion on particular issues that stems from a
core belief or set of beliefs.
economic liberals - Answer-Those who believe government should do more to assist
people who have difficulty meeting their economic needs on their own.
economic conservatives - Answer-Those who believe government tries to do too many
things that should be left to private interests and economic markets.
cultural (social) conservatives - Answer-Those who believe government power should
be used to uphold traditional values.
cultural (social) liberals - Answer-Those who believe it is not government's role to
buttress traditional values at the expense of unconventional or new values.
