BIOCH 310 EXAM STUDY GUIDE
2026-2027
ATP from Glycolysis + CAC - ANSWER 30 ATP in muscle (cytosolic NADH gives 1.5
instead of 2.5 for one spot)
32 ATP in liver
Where is ATP coming from in Glycolysis + CAC - ANSWER 2NADH + 2ATP (second half of
glycolysis)
2 NADH (Pyruvate to ACoA)
6NADH, 2GTP, 2FADH2 (CAC)
H2O in Glycolysis and CAC - ANSWER 2 H2O made in glycolysis
4 used in the CAC
NET: -2 H2O
Localization of Glycolysis - ANSWER Glycolysis: Cytosol
CAC: Mitochondrial matrix
ETC: Mitochondrial matrix
Activating Glycolysis and the CAC - ANSWER Insulin
AMPK
High blood glucose
Xu5P
Deactivating Glycolysis - ANSWER Glucagon
Low blood glucose
ATP from Glycolysis (Anaerobic) - ANSWER 2 ATP
H2O from Glycolysis (Anaerobic) - ANSWER 2 H2O
Localization of Glycolysis (Anaerobic) - ANSWER Cytosol
Doesn't go to the CAC because making Lactate
, If in the Cori Cycle, then it goes from the muscle to the liver
ATP from Gluconeogenesis - ANSWER -2 ATP
Use 4 from Pyruvate to F16P
Make 2 from F16P to Glucose
H2O from Gluconeogenesis - ANSWER Use two in the creation of glucose
Localization of Gluconeogenesis - ANSWER Liver
cytosol
Activation of Gluconeogenesis - ANSWER Starvation
Diabetes
Exercise
Low blood glucose
Glucagon
Deactivation of Gluconeogenesis - ANSWER High blood glucose
Insulin
Xu5P
ATP from the PPP - ANSWER 2F6P and GAP
Can re-enter the CAC to generate ATP
H2O from the PPP - ANSWER Creation of Ru5P from G6P uses one H2O
Localization of the PPP - ANSWER Liver, mammary tissue, adrenal glands, RBC's and
cancer tissues
Tissues that rapidly divide, tissues that synthesize fatty acids, steroids and cholesterol,
tissues that have direct access to O2
Occurs in the cytosol
Activation of the PPP - ANSWER NADP+ availability
Insulin (stimulates DH synthesis)
ATP from Glycogen Metabolism - ANSWER Use one ATP from Glucose to G6P when
transporting it out of the liver
Makes two NET NTPs
2026-2027
ATP from Glycolysis + CAC - ANSWER 30 ATP in muscle (cytosolic NADH gives 1.5
instead of 2.5 for one spot)
32 ATP in liver
Where is ATP coming from in Glycolysis + CAC - ANSWER 2NADH + 2ATP (second half of
glycolysis)
2 NADH (Pyruvate to ACoA)
6NADH, 2GTP, 2FADH2 (CAC)
H2O in Glycolysis and CAC - ANSWER 2 H2O made in glycolysis
4 used in the CAC
NET: -2 H2O
Localization of Glycolysis - ANSWER Glycolysis: Cytosol
CAC: Mitochondrial matrix
ETC: Mitochondrial matrix
Activating Glycolysis and the CAC - ANSWER Insulin
AMPK
High blood glucose
Xu5P
Deactivating Glycolysis - ANSWER Glucagon
Low blood glucose
ATP from Glycolysis (Anaerobic) - ANSWER 2 ATP
H2O from Glycolysis (Anaerobic) - ANSWER 2 H2O
Localization of Glycolysis (Anaerobic) - ANSWER Cytosol
Doesn't go to the CAC because making Lactate
, If in the Cori Cycle, then it goes from the muscle to the liver
ATP from Gluconeogenesis - ANSWER -2 ATP
Use 4 from Pyruvate to F16P
Make 2 from F16P to Glucose
H2O from Gluconeogenesis - ANSWER Use two in the creation of glucose
Localization of Gluconeogenesis - ANSWER Liver
cytosol
Activation of Gluconeogenesis - ANSWER Starvation
Diabetes
Exercise
Low blood glucose
Glucagon
Deactivation of Gluconeogenesis - ANSWER High blood glucose
Insulin
Xu5P
ATP from the PPP - ANSWER 2F6P and GAP
Can re-enter the CAC to generate ATP
H2O from the PPP - ANSWER Creation of Ru5P from G6P uses one H2O
Localization of the PPP - ANSWER Liver, mammary tissue, adrenal glands, RBC's and
cancer tissues
Tissues that rapidly divide, tissues that synthesize fatty acids, steroids and cholesterol,
tissues that have direct access to O2
Occurs in the cytosol
Activation of the PPP - ANSWER NADP+ availability
Insulin (stimulates DH synthesis)
ATP from Glycogen Metabolism - ANSWER Use one ATP from Glucose to G6P when
transporting it out of the liver
Makes two NET NTPs
