Franklyn A Plus Pass
Test Bank
A Concise Introduction to Logic
14th Edition
by Patrick Hurley
Latest| all Chapters 1-14C| A+ PASS
Fr
an
kl
yn
e
A
pl
u sP
Page | 1
as
s
, Franklyn A Plus Pass
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Part I: INFORMAL LOGIC.
1. Basic Concepts. Arguments, Premises, and Conclusions. Exercise. Recognizing Arguments.
Exercise. Deduction and Induction. Exercise. Validity, Truth, Soundness, Strength, Cogency. Exercise.
Argument Forms: Proving Invalidity. Exercise. Extended Arguments. Exercise.
2. Language: Meaning and Definition. Varieties of Meaning. Exercise. The Intension and Extension of
Terms. Exercise. Definitions and Their Purposes. Exercise. Definitional Techniques
. Exercise. Criteria for Lexical Definitions. Exercise.
3. Informal Fallacies. Fallacies in General. Exercise. Fallacies of Relevance. Exercise. Fallacies of Weak
Induction. Exercise. Fallacies of Presumption, Ambiguity, an d Illicit Transference. Exercise. Fallacies in
Ordinary Language. Exercise.
Part II: FORMAL LOGIC.
4. Categorical Propositions. The Components of Categorical Propositions. Exercise. Quality,
Quantity,2and Distribution. Exercise. Venn Diagrams and the Modern Square o f Opposition. Exercise.
Conversion,2Obversion, and Contraposition. Exercise. The Traditional Square of Opposition. Exercise.
Venn Diagrams a nd the Traditional Standpoint. Exercise. Translating Ordinary Language Statements into
Categorical Form. Exercise.
5. Categorical Syllogisms. Standard Form, Mood, and Figure. Exercise. Venn Diagrams. Exercise. Rules
and Fallacies. Exercise. Reducing the Number of Terms. Exercise. Ordinary Language Arguments.
Exercise. Enthymemes. Exercise. Sorites. Exercise.
6. Propositional Logic. Symbols and Translation. Exercise. Truth Functions. Exercise. Truth Tables for
Propositions. Exercise. Truth Tables for Arguments. Exercise. Indirect Truth Tables. Exercise. Argument
Forms and Fallacies. Exercise.
7. Natural Deduction in Propositional Logic. Rules of Implication I. Exercise. Rules of Implication II.
Exercise. Rules of Replacement I. Exercise. Rules of Replacement II. Exercise. Conditional Proof.
Fr
Exercise. Indirect Proof. Exercise. Proving Logical Truths. Exercise.
an
8. Predicate Logic. Symbols and Translation. Exercise. Using the Rules of Inference. Exercise. Quantifier
Negation Rule. Exercise. Conditional and Indirect Proof. Exercise. Proving Invalidity. Exercise.
Relational Predicates and Overlapping Quantifiers. Exercise. Identity. Exercise.
kl
Part III: INDUCTIVE LOGIC.
yn
9. Analogy and Legal and Moral Reasoning. Analogical Reasoning. Legal Reasoning. Moral Reasoning.
Exercise.
e
10. Causality and Mill's Methods. "Cause" and Necessary and Sufficient Conditions. Mill's Five Methods.
A
Mill's Methods and Science. Exercise.
pl
11. Probability. Theories of Probability. The Probability Calculus. Exercise.
12. Statistical Reasoning. Evaluating Statistics. Samples. The Meaning of "Average." Dispersion. Graphs
u
and Pictograms. Percentages. Exercise.
sP
Page | 2
as
s
, Franklyn A Plus Pass
13. Hypothetical/Scientific Reasoning. The Hypothetical Method. Hypothetical Reasoning: Four
Examples from Science. The Proof of Hypotheses. The Tentative Acceptance of Hypotheses. Exercise.
14. Science and Superstition. Distinguishing Between Science and Superstition. Evidentiary Support.
Objectivity. Integrity. Abusing Science. Exercise. Answers to Selected Exercises.
Chapter 1 Test A
MULTIPLE CHOICE
INSTRUCTIONS: The following selections relate to distinguishing arguments from nonarguments and
identifying conclusions. Select the best answer for each.
1. There appears to be a growing happiness gap between men and women. Women today are working
more and relaxing less, while men are working less and relaxing more. Forty years ago a typical woman
spent 40 minutes more per week than the typical man performing an activity considered unpleasant.
Today, with men working less, the gap is 90 minutes and growing.
a. Argument; conclusion: Today ... the gap is 90 minutes and growing.
b. Nonargument.
c. Argument; conclusion: Forty years ago ... an activity considered unpleasant.
d. Argument; conclusion: There appears to be ... between men and women.
e. Argument; conclusion: Women today are working more and relaxing less.
CORRECT ANSWER: D PTS: 2
Fr
2. Lead is toxic, but do you know why? Lead is toxic mainly because it preferentially replaces other
metals in biochemical reactions. In so doing it interferes with the proteins that regulate blood pressure
an
(which can cause development delays in children and high blood pressure in adults), heme production
(which can lead to anemia), and sperm production. Lead also displaces calcium in the reactions that
transmit electrical impulses in the brain, which diminishes the ability to think and recall information.
kl
Anne Marie Helmstine, "Your Guide to Chemistry"
yn
a. Argument; conclusion: It interferes with the proteins ... and sperm production.
b. Argument; conclusion: Lead is toxic.
e
c. Nonargument.
A
d. Argument; conclusion: It preferentially replaces other metals in biochemical reactions.
pl
e. Argument; conclusion: Lead also displaces calcium ... recall information.
u
CORRECT ANSWER: C PTS: 2
sP
Page | 3
as
s
, Franklyn A Plus Pass
3. Aristotle focused on clarifying the concept of virtue itself. He argued that it was virtuous to choose the
proper amount of emotion and/or action called for in a particular situation and that extremes of emotion
and action were vices. In all communities there are some men of practical wisdom who have the capacity
to judge wisely. Aristotle argued that they have the capacity to follow the "right rule" whatever the
situation.
David Cooper, Value Pluralism and Ethical Choice
a. Argument; conclusion: In all communities ... capacity to judge wisely.
b. Argument; conclusion: Aristotle focused on clarifying the concept of virtue itself.
c. Argument; conclusion: They have the capacity to follow ... the situation.
d. Argument; conclusion: He argued that it was virtuous ... were vices
e. Nonargument.
CORRECT ANSWER: E PTS: 2
4. Illegal immigrants pay local sales taxes, and many of them also pay state, local, and federal income tax
and Social Security tax. They also purchase items from local merchants, increasing the amount these
merchants pay in taxes. In addition, they work for low salaries, which increases the earnings of their
employers and the amount of taxes these employers pay. Thus, it is not correct to say that illegal
immigrants contribute nothing to the communities in which they live.
a. Argument; conclusion: It is not correct to say ... communities in which they live.
b. Argument; conclusion: They work for low salaries ... these employers pay.
c. Argument; conclusion: Illegal immigrants pay ... Social Security tax.
Fr
d. Argument; conclusion: They also purchase items ... pay in taxes.
an
e. Nonargument.
CORRECT ANSWER: A PTS: 2
kl
yn
5. Numerous studies have indicated that women of color, black women in particular, are over-arrested,
over-indicted, and over-sentenced. African-American women are seven times more likely to be arrested
e
for prostitution than women of other ethnic groups. Black women have received significantly longer
sentences for crimes against property and served longer periods in prison. For both murder and drug
A
offenses, Euroamerican women ended up serving one-third less time for the same offenses than black
women.
pl
Nancy Kurshan, "Women and Imprisonment in the U.S."
u
a. Argument; conclusion: African-American women ... other ethnic groups.
sP
Page | 4
as
s
Test Bank
A Concise Introduction to Logic
14th Edition
by Patrick Hurley
Latest| all Chapters 1-14C| A+ PASS
Fr
an
kl
yn
e
A
pl
u sP
Page | 1
as
s
, Franklyn A Plus Pass
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Part I: INFORMAL LOGIC.
1. Basic Concepts. Arguments, Premises, and Conclusions. Exercise. Recognizing Arguments.
Exercise. Deduction and Induction. Exercise. Validity, Truth, Soundness, Strength, Cogency. Exercise.
Argument Forms: Proving Invalidity. Exercise. Extended Arguments. Exercise.
2. Language: Meaning and Definition. Varieties of Meaning. Exercise. The Intension and Extension of
Terms. Exercise. Definitions and Their Purposes. Exercise. Definitional Techniques
. Exercise. Criteria for Lexical Definitions. Exercise.
3. Informal Fallacies. Fallacies in General. Exercise. Fallacies of Relevance. Exercise. Fallacies of Weak
Induction. Exercise. Fallacies of Presumption, Ambiguity, an d Illicit Transference. Exercise. Fallacies in
Ordinary Language. Exercise.
Part II: FORMAL LOGIC.
4. Categorical Propositions. The Components of Categorical Propositions. Exercise. Quality,
Quantity,2and Distribution. Exercise. Venn Diagrams and the Modern Square o f Opposition. Exercise.
Conversion,2Obversion, and Contraposition. Exercise. The Traditional Square of Opposition. Exercise.
Venn Diagrams a nd the Traditional Standpoint. Exercise. Translating Ordinary Language Statements into
Categorical Form. Exercise.
5. Categorical Syllogisms. Standard Form, Mood, and Figure. Exercise. Venn Diagrams. Exercise. Rules
and Fallacies. Exercise. Reducing the Number of Terms. Exercise. Ordinary Language Arguments.
Exercise. Enthymemes. Exercise. Sorites. Exercise.
6. Propositional Logic. Symbols and Translation. Exercise. Truth Functions. Exercise. Truth Tables for
Propositions. Exercise. Truth Tables for Arguments. Exercise. Indirect Truth Tables. Exercise. Argument
Forms and Fallacies. Exercise.
7. Natural Deduction in Propositional Logic. Rules of Implication I. Exercise. Rules of Implication II.
Exercise. Rules of Replacement I. Exercise. Rules of Replacement II. Exercise. Conditional Proof.
Fr
Exercise. Indirect Proof. Exercise. Proving Logical Truths. Exercise.
an
8. Predicate Logic. Symbols and Translation. Exercise. Using the Rules of Inference. Exercise. Quantifier
Negation Rule. Exercise. Conditional and Indirect Proof. Exercise. Proving Invalidity. Exercise.
Relational Predicates and Overlapping Quantifiers. Exercise. Identity. Exercise.
kl
Part III: INDUCTIVE LOGIC.
yn
9. Analogy and Legal and Moral Reasoning. Analogical Reasoning. Legal Reasoning. Moral Reasoning.
Exercise.
e
10. Causality and Mill's Methods. "Cause" and Necessary and Sufficient Conditions. Mill's Five Methods.
A
Mill's Methods and Science. Exercise.
pl
11. Probability. Theories of Probability. The Probability Calculus. Exercise.
12. Statistical Reasoning. Evaluating Statistics. Samples. The Meaning of "Average." Dispersion. Graphs
u
and Pictograms. Percentages. Exercise.
sP
Page | 2
as
s
, Franklyn A Plus Pass
13. Hypothetical/Scientific Reasoning. The Hypothetical Method. Hypothetical Reasoning: Four
Examples from Science. The Proof of Hypotheses. The Tentative Acceptance of Hypotheses. Exercise.
14. Science and Superstition. Distinguishing Between Science and Superstition. Evidentiary Support.
Objectivity. Integrity. Abusing Science. Exercise. Answers to Selected Exercises.
Chapter 1 Test A
MULTIPLE CHOICE
INSTRUCTIONS: The following selections relate to distinguishing arguments from nonarguments and
identifying conclusions. Select the best answer for each.
1. There appears to be a growing happiness gap between men and women. Women today are working
more and relaxing less, while men are working less and relaxing more. Forty years ago a typical woman
spent 40 minutes more per week than the typical man performing an activity considered unpleasant.
Today, with men working less, the gap is 90 minutes and growing.
a. Argument; conclusion: Today ... the gap is 90 minutes and growing.
b. Nonargument.
c. Argument; conclusion: Forty years ago ... an activity considered unpleasant.
d. Argument; conclusion: There appears to be ... between men and women.
e. Argument; conclusion: Women today are working more and relaxing less.
CORRECT ANSWER: D PTS: 2
Fr
2. Lead is toxic, but do you know why? Lead is toxic mainly because it preferentially replaces other
metals in biochemical reactions. In so doing it interferes with the proteins that regulate blood pressure
an
(which can cause development delays in children and high blood pressure in adults), heme production
(which can lead to anemia), and sperm production. Lead also displaces calcium in the reactions that
transmit electrical impulses in the brain, which diminishes the ability to think and recall information.
kl
Anne Marie Helmstine, "Your Guide to Chemistry"
yn
a. Argument; conclusion: It interferes with the proteins ... and sperm production.
b. Argument; conclusion: Lead is toxic.
e
c. Nonargument.
A
d. Argument; conclusion: It preferentially replaces other metals in biochemical reactions.
pl
e. Argument; conclusion: Lead also displaces calcium ... recall information.
u
CORRECT ANSWER: C PTS: 2
sP
Page | 3
as
s
, Franklyn A Plus Pass
3. Aristotle focused on clarifying the concept of virtue itself. He argued that it was virtuous to choose the
proper amount of emotion and/or action called for in a particular situation and that extremes of emotion
and action were vices. In all communities there are some men of practical wisdom who have the capacity
to judge wisely. Aristotle argued that they have the capacity to follow the "right rule" whatever the
situation.
David Cooper, Value Pluralism and Ethical Choice
a. Argument; conclusion: In all communities ... capacity to judge wisely.
b. Argument; conclusion: Aristotle focused on clarifying the concept of virtue itself.
c. Argument; conclusion: They have the capacity to follow ... the situation.
d. Argument; conclusion: He argued that it was virtuous ... were vices
e. Nonargument.
CORRECT ANSWER: E PTS: 2
4. Illegal immigrants pay local sales taxes, and many of them also pay state, local, and federal income tax
and Social Security tax. They also purchase items from local merchants, increasing the amount these
merchants pay in taxes. In addition, they work for low salaries, which increases the earnings of their
employers and the amount of taxes these employers pay. Thus, it is not correct to say that illegal
immigrants contribute nothing to the communities in which they live.
a. Argument; conclusion: It is not correct to say ... communities in which they live.
b. Argument; conclusion: They work for low salaries ... these employers pay.
c. Argument; conclusion: Illegal immigrants pay ... Social Security tax.
Fr
d. Argument; conclusion: They also purchase items ... pay in taxes.
an
e. Nonargument.
CORRECT ANSWER: A PTS: 2
kl
yn
5. Numerous studies have indicated that women of color, black women in particular, are over-arrested,
over-indicted, and over-sentenced. African-American women are seven times more likely to be arrested
e
for prostitution than women of other ethnic groups. Black women have received significantly longer
sentences for crimes against property and served longer periods in prison. For both murder and drug
A
offenses, Euroamerican women ended up serving one-third less time for the same offenses than black
women.
pl
Nancy Kurshan, "Women and Imprisonment in the U.S."
u
a. Argument; conclusion: African-American women ... other ethnic groups.
sP
Page | 4
as
s
