PHARMACOLOGY MN553 ADVANCED
PHARMACOTHERAPEUTICS UNIT 1 2026
UPDATED QUESTIONS WITH ANSWERS
ALREADY VERIFIED BY EXPERTS
Chapter 2. Review of Basic Principles of Pharmacology
Multiple Choice
Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.
1. A patient’s nutritional intake and laboratory results reflect hypoalbuminemia. This is critical to prescribing because:
1 Distributioniofidrugs itoitarget itissue imayibeiaffected.
1
, 2 The solubility of the drug will not match the site of absorption.
.
3 There will be less free drug available to generate an effect.
.
4 Drugs bound to albumin are readily excreted by the kidneys.
.
2. Drugs that have a significant first-pass effect:
1 Must be given by the enteral (oral) route only
.
2 Bypass the hepatic circulation
.
3 Are irapidlyimetabolizedibyitheiliver iandimayihave ilittle iifianyidesirediaction
.
4 Are converted by the liver to more active and fat-soluble forms
.
3. The route of excretion of a volatile drug will likely be the:
1 Kidneys
.
2 Lungs
.
3 Bile and feces
.
4 Skin
.
4. Medroxyprogesterone (Depo Provera) is prescribed intramuscularly (IM) to create a storage reservoir of the drug.
Storage reservoirs:
1 Assure that the drug will reach its intended target tissue
.
2 Are the reason for giving loading doses
.
3 Increase itheilengthiofitime iaidrugiis iavailable iandiactive
.
4 Are most common in collagen tissues
.
5. The NP chooses to give cephalexin every 8 hours based on knowledge of the drug’s:
1 Propensity to go to the target receptor
.
2 Biological ihalf-life
.
3 Pharmacodynamics
.
4 Safety and side effects
.
6. Azithromycin dosing requires that the first day’s dosage be twice those of the other 4 days of the prescription. This
isconsidered a loading dose. A loading dose:
1 Rapidlyiachieves idrugilevels iinitheitherapeuticirange
.
2 Requires four- to five-half-lives to attain
.
3 Is influenced by renal function
.
4 Is directly related to the drug circulating to the target tissues
.
7. The point in time on the drug concentration curve that indicates the first sign of a therapeutic effect is the:
1 Minimum adverse effect level
.
2 Peak of action
2
, .
3 Onset iofiaction
.
4 Therapeutic range
.
8. Phenytoin requires that a trough level be drawn. Peak and trough levels are done:
1 When the drug has a wide therapeutic range
.
2 When the drug will be administered for a short time only
.
3 When there is a high correlation between the dose and saturation of receptor sites
.
4 Toidetermine iifiaidrugiis iinitheitherapeuticirange
.
9. A laboratory result indicates that the peak level for a drug is above the minimum toxic concentration. This means
thatthe:
1 Concentration will produce therapeutic effects
.
2 Concentrationiwill iproduce ianiadverse iresponse
.
3 Time between doses must be shortened
.
4 Duration of action of the drug is too long
.
10. Drugs that are receptor agonists may demonstrate what property?
1 Irreversible binding to the drug receptor site
.
2 Upregulation with chronic use
.
3 Desensitizationior idownregulationiwithicontinuous iuse
.
4 Inverse relationship between drug concentration and drug action
.
11. Drugs that are receptor antagonists, such as beta blockers, may cause:
1 Downregulation of the drug receptor
.
2 An iexaggeratediresponse iifiabruptlyidiscontinued
.
3 Partial blockade of the effects of agonist drugs
.
4 An exaggerated response to competitive drug agonists
.
12. Factors that affect gastric drug absorption include:
1 Liver enzyme activity
.
2 Protein-binding properties of the drug molecule
.
3 Lipidisolubilityiof ithe idrug
.
4 Ability to chew and swallow
.
13. Drugs administered via IV:
1 Need to be lipid soluble in order to be easily absorbed
.
2 Begin idistributioniintoitheibodyiimmediately
.
3 Are easily absorbed if they are nonionized
.
3
, 4 May use pinocytosis to be absorbed
.
14. When a medication is added to a regimen for a synergistic effect, the combined effect of the drugs is:
1 The sum of the effects of each drug individually
.
2 Greater ithanitheisumiofitheieffects iof ieachidrugiindividually
.
3 Less than the effect of each drug individually
.
4 Not predictable, as it varies with each individual
.
15. Which of the following statements about bioavailability is true?
1 Bioavailabilityiissues iareiespeciallyiimportant ifor idrugs iwithinarrowitherapeutic
. rangesiorisustained-releaseimechanisms.
2 All brands of a drug have the same bioavailability.
.
3 Drugs that are administered more than once a day have greater bioavailability
. than drugs given once daily.
4 Combining an active drug with an inert substance does not affect bioavailability.
.
16. Which of the following statements about the major distribution barriers (blood-brain or fetal-placental) is true?
1 Water soluble and ionized drugs cross these barriers rapidly.
.
2 The iblood-brainibarrier islows itheientryiof imanyidrugs iintoiandifromibrainicells.
.
3 The fetal-placental barrier protects the fetus from drugs taken by the mother.
.
4 Lipid-soluble drugs do not pass these barriers and are safe for pregnant women.
.
17. Drugs are metabolized mainly by the liver via phase I or phase II reactions. The purpose of both of these types
of reactions is to:
1 Inactivate prodrugs before they can be activated by target tissues
.
2 Change the drugs so they can cross plasma membranes
.
3 Change idrugimoleculesitoiaiformithat ianiexcretoryiorganicaniexcrete
.
4 Make these drugs more ionized and polar to facilitate excretion
.
18. Once they have been metabolized by the liver, the metabolites may be:
1. More active than the parent drug
2. Less active than the parent drug
3. Totally “deactivated” so they are excreted without any effect
4. All iofithe iabove
19. All drugs continue to act in the body until they are changed or excreted. The ability of the body to excrete drugs via
the renal system would be increased by:
1 Reduced circulation and perfusion of the kidney
.
2 Chronic renal disease
.
3 Competition for a transport site by another drug
.
4 Unbindingiainonvolatile idrugifromiplasma iproteins
20. Steady state is:
1. The point on the drug concentration curve when absorption exceeds excretion
2. When itheiamount iofidrugiin itheibodyiremains iconstant
4
PHARMACOTHERAPEUTICS UNIT 1 2026
UPDATED QUESTIONS WITH ANSWERS
ALREADY VERIFIED BY EXPERTS
Chapter 2. Review of Basic Principles of Pharmacology
Multiple Choice
Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.
1. A patient’s nutritional intake and laboratory results reflect hypoalbuminemia. This is critical to prescribing because:
1 Distributioniofidrugs itoitarget itissue imayibeiaffected.
1
, 2 The solubility of the drug will not match the site of absorption.
.
3 There will be less free drug available to generate an effect.
.
4 Drugs bound to albumin are readily excreted by the kidneys.
.
2. Drugs that have a significant first-pass effect:
1 Must be given by the enteral (oral) route only
.
2 Bypass the hepatic circulation
.
3 Are irapidlyimetabolizedibyitheiliver iandimayihave ilittle iifianyidesirediaction
.
4 Are converted by the liver to more active and fat-soluble forms
.
3. The route of excretion of a volatile drug will likely be the:
1 Kidneys
.
2 Lungs
.
3 Bile and feces
.
4 Skin
.
4. Medroxyprogesterone (Depo Provera) is prescribed intramuscularly (IM) to create a storage reservoir of the drug.
Storage reservoirs:
1 Assure that the drug will reach its intended target tissue
.
2 Are the reason for giving loading doses
.
3 Increase itheilengthiofitime iaidrugiis iavailable iandiactive
.
4 Are most common in collagen tissues
.
5. The NP chooses to give cephalexin every 8 hours based on knowledge of the drug’s:
1 Propensity to go to the target receptor
.
2 Biological ihalf-life
.
3 Pharmacodynamics
.
4 Safety and side effects
.
6. Azithromycin dosing requires that the first day’s dosage be twice those of the other 4 days of the prescription. This
isconsidered a loading dose. A loading dose:
1 Rapidlyiachieves idrugilevels iinitheitherapeuticirange
.
2 Requires four- to five-half-lives to attain
.
3 Is influenced by renal function
.
4 Is directly related to the drug circulating to the target tissues
.
7. The point in time on the drug concentration curve that indicates the first sign of a therapeutic effect is the:
1 Minimum adverse effect level
.
2 Peak of action
2
, .
3 Onset iofiaction
.
4 Therapeutic range
.
8. Phenytoin requires that a trough level be drawn. Peak and trough levels are done:
1 When the drug has a wide therapeutic range
.
2 When the drug will be administered for a short time only
.
3 When there is a high correlation between the dose and saturation of receptor sites
.
4 Toidetermine iifiaidrugiis iinitheitherapeuticirange
.
9. A laboratory result indicates that the peak level for a drug is above the minimum toxic concentration. This means
thatthe:
1 Concentration will produce therapeutic effects
.
2 Concentrationiwill iproduce ianiadverse iresponse
.
3 Time between doses must be shortened
.
4 Duration of action of the drug is too long
.
10. Drugs that are receptor agonists may demonstrate what property?
1 Irreversible binding to the drug receptor site
.
2 Upregulation with chronic use
.
3 Desensitizationior idownregulationiwithicontinuous iuse
.
4 Inverse relationship between drug concentration and drug action
.
11. Drugs that are receptor antagonists, such as beta blockers, may cause:
1 Downregulation of the drug receptor
.
2 An iexaggeratediresponse iifiabruptlyidiscontinued
.
3 Partial blockade of the effects of agonist drugs
.
4 An exaggerated response to competitive drug agonists
.
12. Factors that affect gastric drug absorption include:
1 Liver enzyme activity
.
2 Protein-binding properties of the drug molecule
.
3 Lipidisolubilityiof ithe idrug
.
4 Ability to chew and swallow
.
13. Drugs administered via IV:
1 Need to be lipid soluble in order to be easily absorbed
.
2 Begin idistributioniintoitheibodyiimmediately
.
3 Are easily absorbed if they are nonionized
.
3
, 4 May use pinocytosis to be absorbed
.
14. When a medication is added to a regimen for a synergistic effect, the combined effect of the drugs is:
1 The sum of the effects of each drug individually
.
2 Greater ithanitheisumiofitheieffects iof ieachidrugiindividually
.
3 Less than the effect of each drug individually
.
4 Not predictable, as it varies with each individual
.
15. Which of the following statements about bioavailability is true?
1 Bioavailabilityiissues iareiespeciallyiimportant ifor idrugs iwithinarrowitherapeutic
. rangesiorisustained-releaseimechanisms.
2 All brands of a drug have the same bioavailability.
.
3 Drugs that are administered more than once a day have greater bioavailability
. than drugs given once daily.
4 Combining an active drug with an inert substance does not affect bioavailability.
.
16. Which of the following statements about the major distribution barriers (blood-brain or fetal-placental) is true?
1 Water soluble and ionized drugs cross these barriers rapidly.
.
2 The iblood-brainibarrier islows itheientryiof imanyidrugs iintoiandifromibrainicells.
.
3 The fetal-placental barrier protects the fetus from drugs taken by the mother.
.
4 Lipid-soluble drugs do not pass these barriers and are safe for pregnant women.
.
17. Drugs are metabolized mainly by the liver via phase I or phase II reactions. The purpose of both of these types
of reactions is to:
1 Inactivate prodrugs before they can be activated by target tissues
.
2 Change the drugs so they can cross plasma membranes
.
3 Change idrugimoleculesitoiaiformithat ianiexcretoryiorganicaniexcrete
.
4 Make these drugs more ionized and polar to facilitate excretion
.
18. Once they have been metabolized by the liver, the metabolites may be:
1. More active than the parent drug
2. Less active than the parent drug
3. Totally “deactivated” so they are excreted without any effect
4. All iofithe iabove
19. All drugs continue to act in the body until they are changed or excreted. The ability of the body to excrete drugs via
the renal system would be increased by:
1 Reduced circulation and perfusion of the kidney
.
2 Chronic renal disease
.
3 Competition for a transport site by another drug
.
4 Unbindingiainonvolatile idrugifromiplasma iproteins
20. Steady state is:
1. The point on the drug concentration curve when absorption exceeds excretion
2. When itheiamount iofidrugiin itheibodyiremains iconstant
4
