PHP FINAL EXAM QUESTIONS & ANSWERS
How do most people receive their health care insurance? - Answers -about 195 million
americans receive insurance from either private insurers or from their employers. 105
million people receive it from either medicaid or medicare.
What are the 4 functional components of health care? - Answers -Financing
Insurance
Payment
Delivery
The affordable care act (ACA) - Answers -holds the promise of universal coverage
under government mandates. Trying to expand health care access while containing
overall costs and maintaining expected levels of quality.
What are health determinants? - Answers -factors that influence an individuals and a
populations health. Ex. Environment, behavior and lifestyle, heredity, and medical care.
How do we define health? - Answers -good health exists when a person is symptom
free and needs no medical treatment.
Illness vs. Disease - Answers -illness is recognized by means of a persons own
perceptions and evaluations of how he or she feels.
While disease is based on a medical professionals evaluation rather than the patients
assessment.
What are the dimensions of holistic health? - Answers -holistic medicine seeks to treat
the individual as a whole person. It incorporates the spiritual, physical, mental, and
social aspects necessary for optimal health.
Social justice - Answers -the equitable distribution of health care is a societal
responsibility. They regard health care as a social good as opposed to an economic
good that should be collectively financed and available to all citizens regardless of the
individuals ability to pay for that care.
Market justice - Answers -proposes that market forces in a free economy can best
achieve a fair distribution of health care. In this system, medical are and its benefits are
distributed on the basis of people's willingness and ability to pay.
Pre-industrialized health care - Answers --training not grounded in science.
-primitive procedures were practiced.
-intense competition because tradesmen could also practice.
-physicians were paid out of pocket
-health care was delivered in a free market
-hospitals were few and only located in big areas
, -hospitals had poor sanitation and unskilled staff.
-state gov. Operated asylums for patients with chronic mental illness
-pesthouses quarantined those with infectious disease
-almshouses served the destitute and provided some basic nursing care
Post-industrial health care - Answers --urbanization
-advanced science based treatment
-increased health care costs
-growing imbalance between specialists and generalists
-medical education reform
-power and prestige of physicians
-organized medicine
-control over training
-opposition to national health insurance proposals
-support of private entrepreneurship's in medical practice
-hospitals became true medical care institutions
-growth of private health insurance
-creating of medicare and medicaid
What is medicare? - Answers -provides publicly financed health insurance to all elderly
individuals, regardless of their income. Part A: was designed to use social security
funds to finance hospital insurance and short-term nursing home coverage after
discharge from hospital. Part B: was designed to cover physician bills through the
government-subsidized insurance, in which the elderly would pay a small portion of the
premium. Anyone over the age of 65, any non-elderly disabled people received social
security for at least 24 months, and people with end stage renal disease are eligible.
What is medicaid? - Answers -third largest source of health insurance, coverage 16%
of the population. Provides coverage for low-income adults, children, the elder, and
individuals with disability.
What is meant by "maldistribution"? - Answers -the distribution of physicians in our
health care system is uneven. We have too many specialists and not enough
generalists. There is also too many doctors in urban areas and not enough in rural
areas.
Which doctors are DO? - Answers -DO: doctors of osteopathic medicine. (didn't go to
medical school)
-optometrist
-podiatrist
-pharmacy
-nurse practitioners
-PT
-DDS/DMD
Which doctors are MD? - Answers -MD: medical doctor (they went to medical school)
How do most people receive their health care insurance? - Answers -about 195 million
americans receive insurance from either private insurers or from their employers. 105
million people receive it from either medicaid or medicare.
What are the 4 functional components of health care? - Answers -Financing
Insurance
Payment
Delivery
The affordable care act (ACA) - Answers -holds the promise of universal coverage
under government mandates. Trying to expand health care access while containing
overall costs and maintaining expected levels of quality.
What are health determinants? - Answers -factors that influence an individuals and a
populations health. Ex. Environment, behavior and lifestyle, heredity, and medical care.
How do we define health? - Answers -good health exists when a person is symptom
free and needs no medical treatment.
Illness vs. Disease - Answers -illness is recognized by means of a persons own
perceptions and evaluations of how he or she feels.
While disease is based on a medical professionals evaluation rather than the patients
assessment.
What are the dimensions of holistic health? - Answers -holistic medicine seeks to treat
the individual as a whole person. It incorporates the spiritual, physical, mental, and
social aspects necessary for optimal health.
Social justice - Answers -the equitable distribution of health care is a societal
responsibility. They regard health care as a social good as opposed to an economic
good that should be collectively financed and available to all citizens regardless of the
individuals ability to pay for that care.
Market justice - Answers -proposes that market forces in a free economy can best
achieve a fair distribution of health care. In this system, medical are and its benefits are
distributed on the basis of people's willingness and ability to pay.
Pre-industrialized health care - Answers --training not grounded in science.
-primitive procedures were practiced.
-intense competition because tradesmen could also practice.
-physicians were paid out of pocket
-health care was delivered in a free market
-hospitals were few and only located in big areas
, -hospitals had poor sanitation and unskilled staff.
-state gov. Operated asylums for patients with chronic mental illness
-pesthouses quarantined those with infectious disease
-almshouses served the destitute and provided some basic nursing care
Post-industrial health care - Answers --urbanization
-advanced science based treatment
-increased health care costs
-growing imbalance between specialists and generalists
-medical education reform
-power and prestige of physicians
-organized medicine
-control over training
-opposition to national health insurance proposals
-support of private entrepreneurship's in medical practice
-hospitals became true medical care institutions
-growth of private health insurance
-creating of medicare and medicaid
What is medicare? - Answers -provides publicly financed health insurance to all elderly
individuals, regardless of their income. Part A: was designed to use social security
funds to finance hospital insurance and short-term nursing home coverage after
discharge from hospital. Part B: was designed to cover physician bills through the
government-subsidized insurance, in which the elderly would pay a small portion of the
premium. Anyone over the age of 65, any non-elderly disabled people received social
security for at least 24 months, and people with end stage renal disease are eligible.
What is medicaid? - Answers -third largest source of health insurance, coverage 16%
of the population. Provides coverage for low-income adults, children, the elder, and
individuals with disability.
What is meant by "maldistribution"? - Answers -the distribution of physicians in our
health care system is uneven. We have too many specialists and not enough
generalists. There is also too many doctors in urban areas and not enough in rural
areas.
Which doctors are DO? - Answers -DO: doctors of osteopathic medicine. (didn't go to
medical school)
-optometrist
-podiatrist
-pharmacy
-nurse practitioners
-PT
-DDS/DMD
Which doctors are MD? - Answers -MD: medical doctor (they went to medical school)
