Nutrition 313 Exam 1 Updated 2026
With All Correct Answers
What are DRIs and who are they used for? - Ans--DRIs (Dietary Reference
Intakes) are used to assess the nutritional adequacy of individuals as well
as populations (healthy people)
What are the 4 standards under the umbrella of DRIs and what do they
determine? - Ans--- RDA (Recommended Dietary Allowance): used to
ensure adequate intake of a nutrient in an individual, decrease risk of
certain chronic diseases
- AI (Adequate Intake): used to assess nutrient adequacy when no RDA is
set (tentative RDA's)
- EAR (Estimated Average Requirement): estimated values to meet
requirements of half the healthy individuals in a group, used to assess
adequacy of intakes of population groups
- UL (Tolerable Upper Intake): used to assess the likelihood of nutrient
excess or level in which a nutrient becomes toxic
What is the ripple effect? - Ans--dietary changes introduced to improve
intake of one nutrient affect intake levels of other nutrients
What are the 7 steps in developing a deficiency? - Ans--1. Inadequate
nutrient intake
2. Depletion of tissue reserves of the nutrient
3. Decreased blood nutrient level
4. Insufficient nutrient available to cells
5. Impaired cellular functions
6. Physical signs and symptoms of deficiency
7. Long-term impairment of health
What are the 7 steps in developing toxicity of a nutrient? - Ans--1. Excessive
nutrient intake
, 2. Saturation of tissue reserves of the nutrient
3. Increased blood nutrient level
4. Excessive nutrient available to cells
5. Impaired cellular functions
6. Physical signs and symptoms of toxicity
7. Long-term impairment of health
What is daily values? (DVs) - Ans--daily values are standards for daily
intakes of nutrients used on a nutrition label (based on intakes of 2000 cals
per day in adults and children aged 4 and up)
Is the DV for proteins required? - Ans--no, only if the product makes a
protein claim or the product is used for children or infants less than 4 years
of age
How are the ingredients on a food label listed? - Ans--ingredients are listed
in descending order of weight
What's the rule for Daily Value Quick Guide? - Ans--5% or less is too low and
20% or higher is too much
What is enrichment? - Ans--refined grain products have added thiamin,
niacin, riboflavin, and iron
What is fortification? - Ans--addition of any other nutrient
ex. refined flour--> folic acid
milk-->vitamin D
low-fat and skim milk-->vitamins A and D
some salt-->iodine
What 4 micronutrients are on food labels and why? - Ans--- Vitamin A,
Calcium, Vitamin C, Iron
- getting enough of these nutrients can improve overall health and may
reduce the risk of several chronic diseases
What are herbal remedies considered as by the FDA, and what's the
concern behind them? - Ans--- dietary supplements
With All Correct Answers
What are DRIs and who are they used for? - Ans--DRIs (Dietary Reference
Intakes) are used to assess the nutritional adequacy of individuals as well
as populations (healthy people)
What are the 4 standards under the umbrella of DRIs and what do they
determine? - Ans--- RDA (Recommended Dietary Allowance): used to
ensure adequate intake of a nutrient in an individual, decrease risk of
certain chronic diseases
- AI (Adequate Intake): used to assess nutrient adequacy when no RDA is
set (tentative RDA's)
- EAR (Estimated Average Requirement): estimated values to meet
requirements of half the healthy individuals in a group, used to assess
adequacy of intakes of population groups
- UL (Tolerable Upper Intake): used to assess the likelihood of nutrient
excess or level in which a nutrient becomes toxic
What is the ripple effect? - Ans--dietary changes introduced to improve
intake of one nutrient affect intake levels of other nutrients
What are the 7 steps in developing a deficiency? - Ans--1. Inadequate
nutrient intake
2. Depletion of tissue reserves of the nutrient
3. Decreased blood nutrient level
4. Insufficient nutrient available to cells
5. Impaired cellular functions
6. Physical signs and symptoms of deficiency
7. Long-term impairment of health
What are the 7 steps in developing toxicity of a nutrient? - Ans--1. Excessive
nutrient intake
, 2. Saturation of tissue reserves of the nutrient
3. Increased blood nutrient level
4. Excessive nutrient available to cells
5. Impaired cellular functions
6. Physical signs and symptoms of toxicity
7. Long-term impairment of health
What is daily values? (DVs) - Ans--daily values are standards for daily
intakes of nutrients used on a nutrition label (based on intakes of 2000 cals
per day in adults and children aged 4 and up)
Is the DV for proteins required? - Ans--no, only if the product makes a
protein claim or the product is used for children or infants less than 4 years
of age
How are the ingredients on a food label listed? - Ans--ingredients are listed
in descending order of weight
What's the rule for Daily Value Quick Guide? - Ans--5% or less is too low and
20% or higher is too much
What is enrichment? - Ans--refined grain products have added thiamin,
niacin, riboflavin, and iron
What is fortification? - Ans--addition of any other nutrient
ex. refined flour--> folic acid
milk-->vitamin D
low-fat and skim milk-->vitamins A and D
some salt-->iodine
What 4 micronutrients are on food labels and why? - Ans--- Vitamin A,
Calcium, Vitamin C, Iron
- getting enough of these nutrients can improve overall health and may
reduce the risk of several chronic diseases
What are herbal remedies considered as by the FDA, and what's the
concern behind them? - Ans--- dietary supplements
