BIO 1050 EXAM 2 WAYNE STATE | VERIFIED STUDY |
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS | 2026 UPDATES
Energy - ANSWER- the ability to do work
potential energy - ANSWER- stored energy
kinetic energy - ANSWER- energy of motion
calories - ANSWER- Units of heat that measure the energy used by the body and the
energy that foods supply to the body
kilocalories - ANSWER- a unit of energy equal to 1,000 calories
heat - ANSWER- The energy transferred between objects that are at different
temperatures
entropy - ANSWER- A measure of disorder or randomness.
reactants - ANSWER- a substance that takes part in and undergoes change during a
reaction.
products - ANSWER- The elements or compounds produced by a chemical reaction.
substrates - ANSWER- The reactants that bind to the enzyme
active site - ANSWER- The part of an enzyme or antibody where the chemical reaction
occurs.
energy of activation - ANSWER- The amount of energy that reactants must absorb before
a chemical reaction will start
feedback inhibition - ANSWER- A method of metabolic control in which the end product
of a metabolic pathway acts as an inhibitor of an enzyme within that pathway.
passive transport - ANSWER- the movement of substances across a cell membrane
without the use of energy by the cell
active transport - ANSWER- Energy-requiring process that moves material across a cell
membrane against a concentration difference
, bulk transport - ANSWER- transports large molecules and solid clumps of materials by
movements of the cell membrane
diffusion - ANSWER- Movement of molecules from an area of higher concentration to an
area of lower concentration.
Solution - ANSWER- A mixture that forms when one substance dissolves another.
Solvent - ANSWER- A liquid substance capable of dissolving other substances
Solute - ANSWER- A substance that is dissolved in a solution.
Osmosis - ANSWER- Diffusion of water through a selectively permeable membrane
Hypotonic - ANSWER- when comparing two solutions, the solution with the lesser
concentration of solutes
Hypertonic - ANSWER- when comparing two solutions, the solution with the greater
concentration of solutes
Isotonic - ANSWER- when the concentration of two solutions is the same
sodium-potassium pump - ANSWER- a carrier protein that uses ATP to actively transport
sodium ions out of a cell and potassium ions into the cell
Exocytosis - ANSWER- Process by which a cell releases large amounts of material
Endocytosis - ANSWER- process by which a cell takes material into the cell by infolding of
the cell membrane
receptor-mediated endocytosis - ANSWER- The movement of specific molecules into a
cell by the inward budding of membranous vesicles containing proteins with receptor sites
specific to the molecules being taken in; enables a cell to acquire bulk quantities of specific
substances.
Photosynthesis - ANSWER- Conversion of light energy from the sun into chemical energy.
reduction - ANSWER- gain of electrons
Oxidation - ANSWER- loss of electrons
Chloroplast - ANSWER- organelle found in cells of plants and some other organisms that
captures the energy from sunlight and converts it into chemical energy
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS | 2026 UPDATES
Energy - ANSWER- the ability to do work
potential energy - ANSWER- stored energy
kinetic energy - ANSWER- energy of motion
calories - ANSWER- Units of heat that measure the energy used by the body and the
energy that foods supply to the body
kilocalories - ANSWER- a unit of energy equal to 1,000 calories
heat - ANSWER- The energy transferred between objects that are at different
temperatures
entropy - ANSWER- A measure of disorder or randomness.
reactants - ANSWER- a substance that takes part in and undergoes change during a
reaction.
products - ANSWER- The elements or compounds produced by a chemical reaction.
substrates - ANSWER- The reactants that bind to the enzyme
active site - ANSWER- The part of an enzyme or antibody where the chemical reaction
occurs.
energy of activation - ANSWER- The amount of energy that reactants must absorb before
a chemical reaction will start
feedback inhibition - ANSWER- A method of metabolic control in which the end product
of a metabolic pathway acts as an inhibitor of an enzyme within that pathway.
passive transport - ANSWER- the movement of substances across a cell membrane
without the use of energy by the cell
active transport - ANSWER- Energy-requiring process that moves material across a cell
membrane against a concentration difference
, bulk transport - ANSWER- transports large molecules and solid clumps of materials by
movements of the cell membrane
diffusion - ANSWER- Movement of molecules from an area of higher concentration to an
area of lower concentration.
Solution - ANSWER- A mixture that forms when one substance dissolves another.
Solvent - ANSWER- A liquid substance capable of dissolving other substances
Solute - ANSWER- A substance that is dissolved in a solution.
Osmosis - ANSWER- Diffusion of water through a selectively permeable membrane
Hypotonic - ANSWER- when comparing two solutions, the solution with the lesser
concentration of solutes
Hypertonic - ANSWER- when comparing two solutions, the solution with the greater
concentration of solutes
Isotonic - ANSWER- when the concentration of two solutions is the same
sodium-potassium pump - ANSWER- a carrier protein that uses ATP to actively transport
sodium ions out of a cell and potassium ions into the cell
Exocytosis - ANSWER- Process by which a cell releases large amounts of material
Endocytosis - ANSWER- process by which a cell takes material into the cell by infolding of
the cell membrane
receptor-mediated endocytosis - ANSWER- The movement of specific molecules into a
cell by the inward budding of membranous vesicles containing proteins with receptor sites
specific to the molecules being taken in; enables a cell to acquire bulk quantities of specific
substances.
Photosynthesis - ANSWER- Conversion of light energy from the sun into chemical energy.
reduction - ANSWER- gain of electrons
Oxidation - ANSWER- loss of electrons
Chloroplast - ANSWER- organelle found in cells of plants and some other organisms that
captures the energy from sunlight and converts it into chemical energy
