NCC EFM EXAM BREAKDOWN & STUDY GUIDE
QUESTIONS WITH CORRECT ANSWERS GRADED
A+ LATEST UPGRADE
Minimal variability --ANSWER--≤5 bpm but detectable
Sleep, sedated, or sick
-Sleep cycle: 20-60 mins
-Sedated: CNS depressant (ex: mag), 1-2 hrs
-Sick (acidemia): unresolved w intervention
-Priority: maximize oxygenation (position, bolus, O2 if needed)
Moderate variability --ANSWER--6 to 25 bpm
-Reliably predicts the absence of metabolic acidosis (even w decels)
Content on exam --ANSWER---Pattern recognition & intervention: 70%
-Physiology: 11%
-Fetal assessment methods: 9%
-EFM equipment: 5%
-Professional issues: 5%
Pattern recognition & intervention --ANSWER---FHR baseline ✓
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,-FHR variability ✓
-FHR accelerations ✓
-FHR decelerations ✓
-Normal uterine activity ✓
-Abnormal uterine activity ✓
-Fetal dysrhythmias ✓
-Maternal complications ✓
-Uteroplacental complications ✓
-Fetal complications ✓
FHR Descriptors --ANSWER--1) Baseline
2) Variability
3) Presence of accels
4) Presence of decels
5) Changes in trends overtime
FHR Baseline --ANSWER--Average FHR rounded to nearest 5 during a 10 min
window
-110 to 160
-excludes accels, decels, & marked variability
-must have 2 mins to identify as a baseline (doesn't need to be continuous)
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, Fetal Bradycardia --ANSWER--<110 for ≥10 min
-Causes: hypotension (ex: after epi), cord prolapse, head compression,
congenital defect, rapid descent, abruption or rupture, tachysystole, post dates,
hypoglycemia, lupus (heart block)
-With ↓ O2, blood will be shunted to brain, heart, & adrenals, eventually ↓ FHR
to ↓ O2 demands of heart muscle
-Verify not mom's HR, vaginal exam (r/o prolapse), resuscitate, evaluate
arrhythmia, expedite delivery
Fetal Tachycardia --ANSWER-->160 for ≥10 min
-Causes: fetal anemia, maternal fever or infection, fetal immaturity (preterm),
SVT, maternal anxiety (catecholamines), dehydration, hyperthyroid, hypoxia
-Med causes: terbutaline, catecholamines (epinephrine, norepi)
-Assess mom's temp & infection risk (GBS, PROM)
FHR Variability --ANSWER--Irregular in amplitude & frequency, quantified by
peak to trough
-Caused by sympathetic vs parasympathetic, r/t neuro maturity
-Less in preterm due to undeveloped CNS
-Absent: undetectable, flat
-Minimal: ≤5 bpm but detectable
-Moderate: 6-25 bpm
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QUESTIONS WITH CORRECT ANSWERS GRADED
A+ LATEST UPGRADE
Minimal variability --ANSWER--≤5 bpm but detectable
Sleep, sedated, or sick
-Sleep cycle: 20-60 mins
-Sedated: CNS depressant (ex: mag), 1-2 hrs
-Sick (acidemia): unresolved w intervention
-Priority: maximize oxygenation (position, bolus, O2 if needed)
Moderate variability --ANSWER--6 to 25 bpm
-Reliably predicts the absence of metabolic acidosis (even w decels)
Content on exam --ANSWER---Pattern recognition & intervention: 70%
-Physiology: 11%
-Fetal assessment methods: 9%
-EFM equipment: 5%
-Professional issues: 5%
Pattern recognition & intervention --ANSWER---FHR baseline ✓
Page 1 of 26
,-FHR variability ✓
-FHR accelerations ✓
-FHR decelerations ✓
-Normal uterine activity ✓
-Abnormal uterine activity ✓
-Fetal dysrhythmias ✓
-Maternal complications ✓
-Uteroplacental complications ✓
-Fetal complications ✓
FHR Descriptors --ANSWER--1) Baseline
2) Variability
3) Presence of accels
4) Presence of decels
5) Changes in trends overtime
FHR Baseline --ANSWER--Average FHR rounded to nearest 5 during a 10 min
window
-110 to 160
-excludes accels, decels, & marked variability
-must have 2 mins to identify as a baseline (doesn't need to be continuous)
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, Fetal Bradycardia --ANSWER--<110 for ≥10 min
-Causes: hypotension (ex: after epi), cord prolapse, head compression,
congenital defect, rapid descent, abruption or rupture, tachysystole, post dates,
hypoglycemia, lupus (heart block)
-With ↓ O2, blood will be shunted to brain, heart, & adrenals, eventually ↓ FHR
to ↓ O2 demands of heart muscle
-Verify not mom's HR, vaginal exam (r/o prolapse), resuscitate, evaluate
arrhythmia, expedite delivery
Fetal Tachycardia --ANSWER-->160 for ≥10 min
-Causes: fetal anemia, maternal fever or infection, fetal immaturity (preterm),
SVT, maternal anxiety (catecholamines), dehydration, hyperthyroid, hypoxia
-Med causes: terbutaline, catecholamines (epinephrine, norepi)
-Assess mom's temp & infection risk (GBS, PROM)
FHR Variability --ANSWER--Irregular in amplitude & frequency, quantified by
peak to trough
-Caused by sympathetic vs parasympathetic, r/t neuro maturity
-Less in preterm due to undeveloped CNS
-Absent: undetectable, flat
-Minimal: ≤5 bpm but detectable
-Moderate: 6-25 bpm
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