CGDR EXAM QUESTIONS AND ANSWER
Down Syndrome - ANSWER -a genetic disorder that results in a number of physical
characteristics and intellectual impairments
Prevention - ANSWER -to stop challenging behaviors before they begin
Redirection - ANSWER -guiding a child to a new activity or area--used to guide
children's behavior by recognizing challenging behavior at its earliest stages and taking
steps to stop it from escalating
Positive Reinforcement - ANSWER -desired behaviors are rewarded so that the child is
encouraged to repeat them
Theory - ANSWER -a set of facts or principles analyzed in relation to one another and
used to explain phenomena (a fact or behavior that can be observed)
Abraham Maslow - ANSWER -Hierarchy of Needs--most basic needs must be fulfilled
before other areas can be fulfilled
Erik Erikson - ANSWER -8 Conflicts in Emotional Development
(ERIKSON has 8 letters, E stands for emotional = the emotional 8)
Jean Piaget - ANSWER -4 Stages of Cognitive Development: caregiver sets up the
environment, and children learn through play
Sensorimotor - ANSWER -sensory perception
0-2 years
Children learn through sensory perception and motor activity.
PreOperational - ANSWER -thinking is based on how things are perceived rather than
logic
2-7 years
Children begin to use symbols (e.g., using sand to make a cake).
Concrete Operational - ANSWER -7-11 years
Children become more rational in their thinking (e.g., realize Santa isn't real).
Formal Operations - ANSWER -thinking becomes abstract
11+
Children think beyond the present and about ideal situations.
Lev Vygotsky - ANSWER -Sociocultural Theory of Cognitive Development: scaffolding,
zone of proximal development
, Heredity - ANSWER -passing down of genetic characteristics from parents to their
children; influences a child through the inheritance of physical characteristics and
temperament from birth
parents at the time of conception
Temperament - ANSWER -prevailing or dominant social-emotional quality that
characterizes a person
Personality - ANSWER -the totality of a person's attitudes, interests, behavioral
patterns, emotional responses, social roles and individual traits that endure over long
periods of time
Children's development progresses in - ANSWER -fits and starts
A child grows and learns as a - ANSWER -whole, not in bits and pieces
Physical Health - ANSWER -typical growth patterns, changes in weight and height,
general health and safety, visual perception, hearing and understanding the roles of
health care professionals
Growth - ANSWER -specific body changes and increases in the child's size
Girls enter puberty between - ANSWER -8 and 13
Boys enter puberty between - ANSWER -10 and 15
Growth proceeds - ANSWER -from head to toe and from the center of the body
outwards
Children gain control of __________ first, then arms and legs - ANSWER -head and
neck
Are the brain, heart and spinal cord fully functioning at birth? - ANSWER -yes
As children grow they gain control of their arm and leg muscles, then finger and toe -
ANSWER -Growth proceeds outward
Principles of Child Growth and Development - ANSWER -1) Sequence is similar for all
2) Proceeds from general to specific
3) Development is continuous
4) Proceeds at different rates
5) All areas of development are interrelated
Developmental sequences is similar for all - ANSWER -you crawl before you walk, even
though the time it takes to crawl may vary
Down Syndrome - ANSWER -a genetic disorder that results in a number of physical
characteristics and intellectual impairments
Prevention - ANSWER -to stop challenging behaviors before they begin
Redirection - ANSWER -guiding a child to a new activity or area--used to guide
children's behavior by recognizing challenging behavior at its earliest stages and taking
steps to stop it from escalating
Positive Reinforcement - ANSWER -desired behaviors are rewarded so that the child is
encouraged to repeat them
Theory - ANSWER -a set of facts or principles analyzed in relation to one another and
used to explain phenomena (a fact or behavior that can be observed)
Abraham Maslow - ANSWER -Hierarchy of Needs--most basic needs must be fulfilled
before other areas can be fulfilled
Erik Erikson - ANSWER -8 Conflicts in Emotional Development
(ERIKSON has 8 letters, E stands for emotional = the emotional 8)
Jean Piaget - ANSWER -4 Stages of Cognitive Development: caregiver sets up the
environment, and children learn through play
Sensorimotor - ANSWER -sensory perception
0-2 years
Children learn through sensory perception and motor activity.
PreOperational - ANSWER -thinking is based on how things are perceived rather than
logic
2-7 years
Children begin to use symbols (e.g., using sand to make a cake).
Concrete Operational - ANSWER -7-11 years
Children become more rational in their thinking (e.g., realize Santa isn't real).
Formal Operations - ANSWER -thinking becomes abstract
11+
Children think beyond the present and about ideal situations.
Lev Vygotsky - ANSWER -Sociocultural Theory of Cognitive Development: scaffolding,
zone of proximal development
, Heredity - ANSWER -passing down of genetic characteristics from parents to their
children; influences a child through the inheritance of physical characteristics and
temperament from birth
parents at the time of conception
Temperament - ANSWER -prevailing or dominant social-emotional quality that
characterizes a person
Personality - ANSWER -the totality of a person's attitudes, interests, behavioral
patterns, emotional responses, social roles and individual traits that endure over long
periods of time
Children's development progresses in - ANSWER -fits and starts
A child grows and learns as a - ANSWER -whole, not in bits and pieces
Physical Health - ANSWER -typical growth patterns, changes in weight and height,
general health and safety, visual perception, hearing and understanding the roles of
health care professionals
Growth - ANSWER -specific body changes and increases in the child's size
Girls enter puberty between - ANSWER -8 and 13
Boys enter puberty between - ANSWER -10 and 15
Growth proceeds - ANSWER -from head to toe and from the center of the body
outwards
Children gain control of __________ first, then arms and legs - ANSWER -head and
neck
Are the brain, heart and spinal cord fully functioning at birth? - ANSWER -yes
As children grow they gain control of their arm and leg muscles, then finger and toe -
ANSWER -Growth proceeds outward
Principles of Child Growth and Development - ANSWER -1) Sequence is similar for all
2) Proceeds from general to specific
3) Development is continuous
4) Proceeds at different rates
5) All areas of development are interrelated
Developmental sequences is similar for all - ANSWER -you crawl before you walk, even
though the time it takes to crawl may vary
