CHILD DEVELOPMENT FINAL EXAM
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
Discovery mode - ANSWER -seek to produce new findings, not to replicate previous
studies
Human development research - ANSWER -has a purpose to encourage social policies
that can counteract developmentally disruptive influences
infant-directed speech - ANSWER -adults speak slowly and with exaggerated changes
in pitch and loudness
cooing - ANSWER -early single-syllable utterances consisting of constant or vowel-like
sounds that babies produce (first sound babies make)
babbling - ANSWER -making speech like but meaningless sounds
underextension - ANSWER -when children define words more narrowly than adults do
(ex, hannah used the word cat to refer only to her cat, not to other cats.)
fast mapping - ANSWER -the process by which children map a word onto an underlying
concept after only one exposure, they are not considering the possible meaning for the
new word
overextension - ANSWER -the overly broad use of words, overgeneralizing their
meaning
(ex. Utsav is riding in the car with his mother, he will point at buses, vans, bikes, and
trucks and say "car".)
word explosion - ANSWER -the phenomenon in which there is a period of language
learning around 18 months of age when children rapidly acquire new words.
telegraphic speech - ANSWER -consists of only words directly relevant to meaning
(ex. baby hungry)
overegularization - ANSWER -occurs when children apply rules to words that are
exceptions to the rule (ex. I goed to the store)
deaf infant communication - ANSWER -have delayed spoken babbling but will babble
on schedule with sign language
foundation of self-concept - ANSWER -when children become aware that they exist
independently of other people and objects in the environment
, self-recognition - ANSWER -the ability to recognize oneself in a mirror or photograph
(ex. Dr Jones study conducts a study in which he places a red mark on toddlers' noses
and then places them in front of a mirror to see if they will recognize the dot is on their
own face.)
(ex. two-year-old Chris "helps" his dad change the oil in the car and ends up with a
black oil streak on his cheek. When they come into the house, his dad takes him to the
bathroom to clean up. Chris reaches up and touches the black spot on his cheek.)
we need to look at child development from a perspective of ______________________
- ANSWER -complex system interactions
the four key aspects of bio ecology model - ANSWER -process person context time
Process - ANSWER -basic mechanisms that connect a growing person with the other
people in their environment
a proximal process - ANSWER -Requires:
1) the person to engage in the activity
2)must occur frequently
3)must continue long enough to increase in complexity
4)initiation must happen from both sides of the interaction
Microsystem - ANSWER -where most of the primary (face to face) relationships happen
Mesosystem - ANSWER -interactions between microsystems, social networking,
widening world view
Ecosystems - ANSWER -do not directly involve the individual but impact their
development
Macrosystem - ANSWER -the larger culture and society
Chronosystem - ANSWER -in ecological systems theory, changes and continuities
occurring over time that influence an individual's development. These influences include
normative life transitions (e.g., school entry, marriage, retirement), nonnormative life
transitions (e.g., divorce, winning the lottery, relocation), and the cumulative effects of
the entire sequence of transitions over the life course.
self-concept - ANSWER -attitudes, behaviours, and values that a person believes make
the self unique
self-aware child (22 mo - 28 mo) - ANSWER -more likely to say "mine" when playing
with toys than children who are not self-aware
temperament - ANSWER -an infant's consistent mood and style of behaviour.
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
Discovery mode - ANSWER -seek to produce new findings, not to replicate previous
studies
Human development research - ANSWER -has a purpose to encourage social policies
that can counteract developmentally disruptive influences
infant-directed speech - ANSWER -adults speak slowly and with exaggerated changes
in pitch and loudness
cooing - ANSWER -early single-syllable utterances consisting of constant or vowel-like
sounds that babies produce (first sound babies make)
babbling - ANSWER -making speech like but meaningless sounds
underextension - ANSWER -when children define words more narrowly than adults do
(ex, hannah used the word cat to refer only to her cat, not to other cats.)
fast mapping - ANSWER -the process by which children map a word onto an underlying
concept after only one exposure, they are not considering the possible meaning for the
new word
overextension - ANSWER -the overly broad use of words, overgeneralizing their
meaning
(ex. Utsav is riding in the car with his mother, he will point at buses, vans, bikes, and
trucks and say "car".)
word explosion - ANSWER -the phenomenon in which there is a period of language
learning around 18 months of age when children rapidly acquire new words.
telegraphic speech - ANSWER -consists of only words directly relevant to meaning
(ex. baby hungry)
overegularization - ANSWER -occurs when children apply rules to words that are
exceptions to the rule (ex. I goed to the store)
deaf infant communication - ANSWER -have delayed spoken babbling but will babble
on schedule with sign language
foundation of self-concept - ANSWER -when children become aware that they exist
independently of other people and objects in the environment
, self-recognition - ANSWER -the ability to recognize oneself in a mirror or photograph
(ex. Dr Jones study conducts a study in which he places a red mark on toddlers' noses
and then places them in front of a mirror to see if they will recognize the dot is on their
own face.)
(ex. two-year-old Chris "helps" his dad change the oil in the car and ends up with a
black oil streak on his cheek. When they come into the house, his dad takes him to the
bathroom to clean up. Chris reaches up and touches the black spot on his cheek.)
we need to look at child development from a perspective of ______________________
- ANSWER -complex system interactions
the four key aspects of bio ecology model - ANSWER -process person context time
Process - ANSWER -basic mechanisms that connect a growing person with the other
people in their environment
a proximal process - ANSWER -Requires:
1) the person to engage in the activity
2)must occur frequently
3)must continue long enough to increase in complexity
4)initiation must happen from both sides of the interaction
Microsystem - ANSWER -where most of the primary (face to face) relationships happen
Mesosystem - ANSWER -interactions between microsystems, social networking,
widening world view
Ecosystems - ANSWER -do not directly involve the individual but impact their
development
Macrosystem - ANSWER -the larger culture and society
Chronosystem - ANSWER -in ecological systems theory, changes and continuities
occurring over time that influence an individual's development. These influences include
normative life transitions (e.g., school entry, marriage, retirement), nonnormative life
transitions (e.g., divorce, winning the lottery, relocation), and the cumulative effects of
the entire sequence of transitions over the life course.
self-concept - ANSWER -attitudes, behaviours, and values that a person believes make
the self unique
self-aware child (22 mo - 28 mo) - ANSWER -more likely to say "mine" when playing
with toys than children who are not self-aware
temperament - ANSWER -an infant's consistent mood and style of behaviour.
