Colored stones final exam
1.trace elements: Atoms in a gem that aren't part of its essential chemical composition.
2.Twinning: Change in a gem's crystal direction during or after growth.
3.unit cell: The smallest group of atoms w/ both the characteristic chemical composition
and crystal structure of a mineral
4.Adularescence: The cloudy bluish white light in a moonstone, caused by scattering of
light.
5.Matching tray: A grooved, neutrally colored, non-reflective tray, used to match sets of
stones.
6.Memo: Buying agreement where a dealer entrusts merchandise to a client for
inspection and approval without requiring immediate payment.
7.Inorganic: Composed of, or arising from, non-living matter
8.chemical composition: Kinds and relative quantities of atoms that make up a material.
9.Mineral: A natural, inorganic substance w/ a characteristic chemical composition &
usually characteristic structure
10. Natural gems: Gems produced by natural processes, without human help.
11. Disclosure: Clearly and accurately informing customers about the nature of the
goods they buy.
12. Facet: A flat, polished surface on a finished gem
13. Crust: the surface and outermost layer of the earth
,14. Eluvial deposit: A deposit where gems are eroded from the source rock but remain
in place close to the source.
15. Erosion: the wearing away & transport of rock materials by natural forces
16. Magma: general term for any molten rock
17. Overburden: The material covering a gem deposit that must be removed before
production an begin
18. Organic: Produced by, or derived from, a living organism
19. Phenomenon: An unusual optical effect displayed by a gem
20. Source: A gem-producing country or area, or a particular mine in that area
21. Artisanal miner: An independent gem or mineral prospector who typically uses
small-scale, non-mechanized recovery methods.
22. Plate tectonics: Study of the formation, structure, & movement of the plates of the
earth's crust
23. Primary deposit: Gems found in the rocks that they formed in.
24. Secondary deposit: Gems found away from their primary source.
25. Subduction: A process that occurs when 2 of the earth's plates collide, forcing 1
under the other
26. Volcanic: Pertaining to igneous activity at the earth's surface, where magma erupts
through a volcano or a fissure.
, .
27 Cleavage: A smooth, flat break in a gemstone parallel to planes of atomic weakness,
caused by weak or fewer bonds between atoms, or both
28. Fantasy cut: A free-form cut that can feature alternating curved and flat surfaces.
29. Girdle: Narrow section that forms the boundary between the crown and the
pavilion, and functions as the gem's setting edge.
30. saturation: A color's strength or intensity
31. Paraiba tourmaline: Trade term for rare, expensive, vibrant green to blue or violet
elbaite tourmaline, originally found only in Brazil's Paraiba state.
32. Fine color: The color or colors in a gemstone's color range considered by the trade
to be the most desirable.
33. Hue: The first impression of an object's basic color
34. Intended color zoning: Visible face-up color zoning that was planned during the
cutting process.
35. Blue sheen: Trade term for a highly prized, vivid blue adularescence displayed by the
finest moonstone.
36. Planned light leakage: Light that exits through a gem's crown in a controlled way
due to the correct proportions of its cut.
37. Color range: The selection of colors in which a gemstone occurs.
38. Extinction: Dark areas in a faceted transparent colored stone
39. Bodycolor: A gemstone's basic color, determined by its selective absorption of light.
40. Vertical Integration: Involvement of a business or industry in all aspects of its
product's market 41. Wholesaler: a company or individual that supplies gems to
jewelry manufacturers & retailers 42. Value factors: Features used to judge the quality
and value of pearls.
43. Mixed cut: A cutting style that combines brilliant-cut and step-cut facets.
44. pavilion: Lower part of a faceted gem below the girdle.
45. Polishing: Final stage in gem cutting that produces the smoothest possible surface.
46. Preform: Rough ground to the approximate shape of the finished stone; also, the act
of producing this shape.
47. Proportions: The angles and relative measurements of a polished gem, and the
relationships between them.
48. Dopstick: Wooden or metal stick that holds the preform during faceting.
1.trace elements: Atoms in a gem that aren't part of its essential chemical composition.
2.Twinning: Change in a gem's crystal direction during or after growth.
3.unit cell: The smallest group of atoms w/ both the characteristic chemical composition
and crystal structure of a mineral
4.Adularescence: The cloudy bluish white light in a moonstone, caused by scattering of
light.
5.Matching tray: A grooved, neutrally colored, non-reflective tray, used to match sets of
stones.
6.Memo: Buying agreement where a dealer entrusts merchandise to a client for
inspection and approval without requiring immediate payment.
7.Inorganic: Composed of, or arising from, non-living matter
8.chemical composition: Kinds and relative quantities of atoms that make up a material.
9.Mineral: A natural, inorganic substance w/ a characteristic chemical composition &
usually characteristic structure
10. Natural gems: Gems produced by natural processes, without human help.
11. Disclosure: Clearly and accurately informing customers about the nature of the
goods they buy.
12. Facet: A flat, polished surface on a finished gem
13. Crust: the surface and outermost layer of the earth
,14. Eluvial deposit: A deposit where gems are eroded from the source rock but remain
in place close to the source.
15. Erosion: the wearing away & transport of rock materials by natural forces
16. Magma: general term for any molten rock
17. Overburden: The material covering a gem deposit that must be removed before
production an begin
18. Organic: Produced by, or derived from, a living organism
19. Phenomenon: An unusual optical effect displayed by a gem
20. Source: A gem-producing country or area, or a particular mine in that area
21. Artisanal miner: An independent gem or mineral prospector who typically uses
small-scale, non-mechanized recovery methods.
22. Plate tectonics: Study of the formation, structure, & movement of the plates of the
earth's crust
23. Primary deposit: Gems found in the rocks that they formed in.
24. Secondary deposit: Gems found away from their primary source.
25. Subduction: A process that occurs when 2 of the earth's plates collide, forcing 1
under the other
26. Volcanic: Pertaining to igneous activity at the earth's surface, where magma erupts
through a volcano or a fissure.
, .
27 Cleavage: A smooth, flat break in a gemstone parallel to planes of atomic weakness,
caused by weak or fewer bonds between atoms, or both
28. Fantasy cut: A free-form cut that can feature alternating curved and flat surfaces.
29. Girdle: Narrow section that forms the boundary between the crown and the
pavilion, and functions as the gem's setting edge.
30. saturation: A color's strength or intensity
31. Paraiba tourmaline: Trade term for rare, expensive, vibrant green to blue or violet
elbaite tourmaline, originally found only in Brazil's Paraiba state.
32. Fine color: The color or colors in a gemstone's color range considered by the trade
to be the most desirable.
33. Hue: The first impression of an object's basic color
34. Intended color zoning: Visible face-up color zoning that was planned during the
cutting process.
35. Blue sheen: Trade term for a highly prized, vivid blue adularescence displayed by the
finest moonstone.
36. Planned light leakage: Light that exits through a gem's crown in a controlled way
due to the correct proportions of its cut.
37. Color range: The selection of colors in which a gemstone occurs.
38. Extinction: Dark areas in a faceted transparent colored stone
39. Bodycolor: A gemstone's basic color, determined by its selective absorption of light.
40. Vertical Integration: Involvement of a business or industry in all aspects of its
product's market 41. Wholesaler: a company or individual that supplies gems to
jewelry manufacturers & retailers 42. Value factors: Features used to judge the quality
and value of pearls.
43. Mixed cut: A cutting style that combines brilliant-cut and step-cut facets.
44. pavilion: Lower part of a faceted gem below the girdle.
45. Polishing: Final stage in gem cutting that produces the smoothest possible surface.
46. Preform: Rough ground to the approximate shape of the finished stone; also, the act
of producing this shape.
47. Proportions: The angles and relative measurements of a polished gem, and the
relationships between them.
48. Dopstick: Wooden or metal stick that holds the preform during faceting.
