BSC2010 FSU Dennis Final Exam
ACTUAL EXAM 2026/2027: 100%
Verified Questions & Correct Answers
Question 1:
Which organelle is primarily responsible for the post-translational modification and
packaging of proteins destined for secretion?
A. Nucleus
B. Golgi apparatus
C. Lysosome
D. Peroxisome
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The Golgi apparatus modifies, sorts, and packages proteins received from the
rough ER for secretion or delivery to other organelles.
Question 2:
In Mendelian genetics, what is the expected phenotypic ratio of a monohybrid cross between
two heterozygous individuals?
A. 1:1
B. 3:1
C. 9:3:3:1
D. 1:2:1
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: A monohybrid cross (Aa × Aa) produces a 3:1 phenotypic ratio of dominant to
recessive traits.
,Question 3:
Which enzyme is responsible for unwinding the DNA double helix during replication?
A. DNA polymerase
B. Helicase
C. Ligase
D. Primase
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Helicase unwinds the DNA double helix by breaking hydrogen bonds between base
pairs, creating the replication fork.
Question 4:
Which process generates the most ATP during cellular respiration?
A. Glycolysis
B. Electron transport chain
C. Citric acid cycle
D. Fermentation
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The electron transport chain produces ~34 ATP molecules per glucose, far more
than glycolysis or the citric acid cycle.
Question 5:
What is the primary function of the light-dependent reactions of photosynthesis?
A. Fix carbon dioxide
B. Produce ATP and NADPH
C. Release oxygen as waste
,D. Synthesize glucose
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Light-dependent reactions convert solar energy into chemical energy (ATP and
NADPH) used in the Calvin cycle.
Question 6:
Which structure is found in prokaryotic cells but NOT in eukaryotic cells?
A. Ribosome
B. Peptidoglycan cell wall
C. Plasma membrane
D. Cytoplasm
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Prokaryotes (bacteria) possess a peptidoglycan cell wall, which is absent in
eukaryotic animal cells.
Question 7:
Which type of RNA carries amino acids to the ribosome during translation?
A. mRNA
B. tRNA
C. rRNA
D. snRNA
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Transfer RNA (tRNA) delivers specific amino acids to the ribosome based on
codon-anticodon pairing.
Question 8:
What is the term for a change in the nucleotide sequence of DNA?
, A. Transcription
B. Mutation
C. Translation
D. Replication
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: A mutation is any permanent change in the DNA sequence, which can alter protein
function or gene expression.
Question 9:
Which evolutionary mechanism involves the movement of alleles between populations?
A. Mutation
B. Gene flow
C. Genetic drift
D. Natural selection
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Gene flow (migration) transfers alleles from one population to another, increasing
genetic diversity.
Question 10:
Which biome is characterized by the highest biodiversity?
A. Tundra
B. Tropical rainforest
C. Temperate grassland
D. Desert
Correct Answer: B
ACTUAL EXAM 2026/2027: 100%
Verified Questions & Correct Answers
Question 1:
Which organelle is primarily responsible for the post-translational modification and
packaging of proteins destined for secretion?
A. Nucleus
B. Golgi apparatus
C. Lysosome
D. Peroxisome
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The Golgi apparatus modifies, sorts, and packages proteins received from the
rough ER for secretion or delivery to other organelles.
Question 2:
In Mendelian genetics, what is the expected phenotypic ratio of a monohybrid cross between
two heterozygous individuals?
A. 1:1
B. 3:1
C. 9:3:3:1
D. 1:2:1
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: A monohybrid cross (Aa × Aa) produces a 3:1 phenotypic ratio of dominant to
recessive traits.
,Question 3:
Which enzyme is responsible for unwinding the DNA double helix during replication?
A. DNA polymerase
B. Helicase
C. Ligase
D. Primase
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Helicase unwinds the DNA double helix by breaking hydrogen bonds between base
pairs, creating the replication fork.
Question 4:
Which process generates the most ATP during cellular respiration?
A. Glycolysis
B. Electron transport chain
C. Citric acid cycle
D. Fermentation
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The electron transport chain produces ~34 ATP molecules per glucose, far more
than glycolysis or the citric acid cycle.
Question 5:
What is the primary function of the light-dependent reactions of photosynthesis?
A. Fix carbon dioxide
B. Produce ATP and NADPH
C. Release oxygen as waste
,D. Synthesize glucose
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Light-dependent reactions convert solar energy into chemical energy (ATP and
NADPH) used in the Calvin cycle.
Question 6:
Which structure is found in prokaryotic cells but NOT in eukaryotic cells?
A. Ribosome
B. Peptidoglycan cell wall
C. Plasma membrane
D. Cytoplasm
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Prokaryotes (bacteria) possess a peptidoglycan cell wall, which is absent in
eukaryotic animal cells.
Question 7:
Which type of RNA carries amino acids to the ribosome during translation?
A. mRNA
B. tRNA
C. rRNA
D. snRNA
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Transfer RNA (tRNA) delivers specific amino acids to the ribosome based on
codon-anticodon pairing.
Question 8:
What is the term for a change in the nucleotide sequence of DNA?
, A. Transcription
B. Mutation
C. Translation
D. Replication
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: A mutation is any permanent change in the DNA sequence, which can alter protein
function or gene expression.
Question 9:
Which evolutionary mechanism involves the movement of alleles between populations?
A. Mutation
B. Gene flow
C. Genetic drift
D. Natural selection
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Gene flow (migration) transfers alleles from one population to another, increasing
genetic diversity.
Question 10:
Which biome is characterized by the highest biodiversity?
A. Tundra
B. Tropical rainforest
C. Temperate grassland
D. Desert
Correct Answer: B
