Cell signalling notes for CSIR NET

Cell signalling is the process by which cells communicate with each other to coordinate their activities and respond to internal and external stimuli. It involves the release of signalling molecules (ligands), their binding to specific receptors, and activation of intracellular signal transduction pathways. Importance of Cell Signalling: It regulates growth, differentiation, and development of cells and tissues. It maintains homeostasis by controlling processes such as metabolism, ion balance, and temperature regulation. It plays a key role in immune responses, enabling cells to recognize pathogens and activate defense mechanisms. It controls cell cycle and apoptosis, ensuring proper tissue maintenance and removal of damaged cells. Defects in cell signalling pathways can lead to diseases such as cancer, diabetes, and neurological disorders. Thus, cell signalling is essential for the survival, coordination, and proper functioning of multicellular organisms.