FINAL EXAM: Edapt Notes
Weeks 1-3
Hypersensitivity & Anemia
, lOMoARcPSD| 51648332
NR507/Edapts
/ Week/1
EDapt/Module/Questions
❖ Hives/(Urticaria)/-/Type/1/Allergic/Reaction/–/dermal/skin/manifestation.
❖ Allergic/Contact/Dermatitis/–/Type/4/Allergic/Reaction/-
/an/example/of/a/Type/ IV/hypersensitivity/reaction/mediated/by/T-
cells./When/the/individual/comes/in/ contact/with/the/antigen/(e.g./poison/ivy),/an/an
tigen/complex/is/formed./On/ subsequent/exposure/to/the/antigen,/sensitized/T-
cells/activate/the/inflammatory/ process/that/causes/the/allergic/contact/dermatitis/t
o/appear.
❖ Type/2/(Cytotoxic/tissue-
specific)/hypersensitivity/reactions/are/mediated/by:/IgG/ or/IgM.
❖ Which/of/the/following/are/considered/the/“first/responders”/of/the/innate/immune/ s
ystem?/Neutrophils/appear/first/in/any/immune/response.
❖ Anaphylaxis/is/a/Type/1/Allergic/Reaction/-
/Type/1/hypersensitivity/reactions/are/ mediated/by/IgE/and/mast/cells./An/individual
/who/is/highly/sensitized/to/the/ antigen/may/experience/anaphylaxis.
❖ Damage/occurs/with/ABO/incompatibility/because:/Complement/damages/RBC/
membrane/causing/cell/lysis./Damage/from/ABO/incompatibility/occurs/because/ o
f/the/effects/of/complement/on/the/RBC/membrane/that/results/in/RBC/lysis.
❖ The/diagnosis/for/an/individual/who/presents/to/the/office/with/sudden/swollen/ li
ps/and/eyes,/shortness/of/breath/and/throat/tightness/after/a/bee/sting/is:/ anaph
ylaxis./The/symptoms/are/consistent/with/the/life-
threating/condition,/ anaphylaxis/after/being/exposed./to/a/bee/sting.
❖ Which/of/the/following/assessment/findings/would/be/expected/in/a/patient/who/ pr
esents/with/urticaria?/Eosinophilia./Eosinophils/are/present/in/the/allergic/ reactio
n.
❖ Type/IV/cytotoxic/hypersensitivity/reactions/are/mediated/by:/T-cells.
Types/of/Hypersensitivity/Reactions
Downloaded/by/Benjamin/Luca/()
, lOMoARcPSD| 51648332
Type ❖ Mechanism Example ❖ Pathology
❖ Mast/cell/degranulation
❖ IgE/action/on/mast/
I. Hay/fever / results/in/an/ inflammat
cells
ory/response
❖ Tissue-
specific/ destru
ction/or/ impair
ment/ because/
of:
❖ Antibody/binding
/ followed/by/lysis
❖ 1-
/ via/complement
Complement/ damag
❖ Antibody/binding
1-ABO es/RBC/ membrane/
/ followed/by/ mac
incompatibility and/cells/ lyse
II. rophage/ phagoc
/ 5- ❖ 5-
ytosis
Graves'/ disea Autoantibodies/ specif
❖ Antibody/binding
se ic/for/thyroid/ tissue/im
/ followed/by/ neut
pair/receptor/ for/TSH
rophil/ destructio
n
❖ Antibody-
/ dependent/cel
l/ (NK)-
mediated/ cytot
oxicity,/or
❖ Antireceptor
III. ❖ Antigen- Raynaud’s/ p ❖ Complex/deposited/in/ s
/ antibodies
Antibody/ complex/ henomenon mall/peripheral/ vessels/
deposited/ in/tissue in/cool/ temperatures/le
s ading
to/vasoconstriction/and
Downloaded/by/Benjamin/Luca/()
, lOMoARcPSD| 51648332
blocked/circulation
❖ Contact
❖ Cytotoxic/T/cell- ❖ T/cells/attack/tissue/ d
IV. dermatitis/(e.g.,
/ mediated irectly/(no/antibody)
/ poison/ivy)
Edapt/Slides
Type/I:/Allergic/Reaction
On/initial/encounter/with/an/allergen,/the/individual/will/first/produce/IgE/antibodies./Afte/ r/t
he/allergen/is/cleared,/the/remaining/IgE/molecules/will/be/bound/by/mast/cells,/baso/ phils
,/and/eosinophils/that/contain/receptors/for/the/IgE/molecules./This/process/is/refer/ red/to/
as/sensitization./On/subsequent/exposure/to/the/allergen,/the/IgE/molecules/locat/ ed/on/t
he/sensitized/cells/induces/their/immediate/degranulation./This/causes/the/releas/ e/of/infl
ammatory/mediators/such/as/histamine,/leukotrienes,/and/prostaglandins/that/re/ sults/in/v
asodilation,/bronchial/smooth/muscle/contraction,/and/mucus/production./Type/ I/hyperse
nsitivity/reactions/can/be/local/or/systemic./Systemic/reactions/can/result/in/an/ aphylaxis,/
a/potentially/life
threatening/condition./Allergic/asthma/is/an/example/of/a/Type/I/hypersensitivity/reactio
n. On/exposure/to/certain/allergens/(typically/inhaled),/individuals/with/allergic/asthma/e/ x
perience/inflammation/of/the/airways,/characterized/by/tissue/swelling/and/excessive/ mu
cus/production./This/narrowing/of/the/airways/makes/it/difficult/to/breathe.
Type/II/Hypersensitivity/Reaction
A/Type/II/hypersensitivity/reaction/is/tissue-
specific/and/usually/occurs/as/a/result/of/ haptens/that/cause/an/IgG/antibody/or/IgM/antib
ody/mediated/response./The/antibodies/ are/specifically/directed/to/the/antigen/located/on/
the/cell/membrane./A/hapten/is/a/ small/molecule/that/can/cause/an/immune/response/wh
en/it/attaches/to/a/protein.
Macrophages/are/the/primary/effector/cells/of/Type/II/responses./Typical/examples/of
Downloaded/by/Benjamin/Luca/()
Weeks 1-3
Hypersensitivity & Anemia
, lOMoARcPSD| 51648332
NR507/Edapts
/ Week/1
EDapt/Module/Questions
❖ Hives/(Urticaria)/-/Type/1/Allergic/Reaction/–/dermal/skin/manifestation.
❖ Allergic/Contact/Dermatitis/–/Type/4/Allergic/Reaction/-
/an/example/of/a/Type/ IV/hypersensitivity/reaction/mediated/by/T-
cells./When/the/individual/comes/in/ contact/with/the/antigen/(e.g./poison/ivy),/an/an
tigen/complex/is/formed./On/ subsequent/exposure/to/the/antigen,/sensitized/T-
cells/activate/the/inflammatory/ process/that/causes/the/allergic/contact/dermatitis/t
o/appear.
❖ Type/2/(Cytotoxic/tissue-
specific)/hypersensitivity/reactions/are/mediated/by:/IgG/ or/IgM.
❖ Which/of/the/following/are/considered/the/“first/responders”/of/the/innate/immune/ s
ystem?/Neutrophils/appear/first/in/any/immune/response.
❖ Anaphylaxis/is/a/Type/1/Allergic/Reaction/-
/Type/1/hypersensitivity/reactions/are/ mediated/by/IgE/and/mast/cells./An/individual
/who/is/highly/sensitized/to/the/ antigen/may/experience/anaphylaxis.
❖ Damage/occurs/with/ABO/incompatibility/because:/Complement/damages/RBC/
membrane/causing/cell/lysis./Damage/from/ABO/incompatibility/occurs/because/ o
f/the/effects/of/complement/on/the/RBC/membrane/that/results/in/RBC/lysis.
❖ The/diagnosis/for/an/individual/who/presents/to/the/office/with/sudden/swollen/ li
ps/and/eyes,/shortness/of/breath/and/throat/tightness/after/a/bee/sting/is:/ anaph
ylaxis./The/symptoms/are/consistent/with/the/life-
threating/condition,/ anaphylaxis/after/being/exposed./to/a/bee/sting.
❖ Which/of/the/following/assessment/findings/would/be/expected/in/a/patient/who/ pr
esents/with/urticaria?/Eosinophilia./Eosinophils/are/present/in/the/allergic/ reactio
n.
❖ Type/IV/cytotoxic/hypersensitivity/reactions/are/mediated/by:/T-cells.
Types/of/Hypersensitivity/Reactions
Downloaded/by/Benjamin/Luca/()
, lOMoARcPSD| 51648332
Type ❖ Mechanism Example ❖ Pathology
❖ Mast/cell/degranulation
❖ IgE/action/on/mast/
I. Hay/fever / results/in/an/ inflammat
cells
ory/response
❖ Tissue-
specific/ destru
ction/or/ impair
ment/ because/
of:
❖ Antibody/binding
/ followed/by/lysis
❖ 1-
/ via/complement
Complement/ damag
❖ Antibody/binding
1-ABO es/RBC/ membrane/
/ followed/by/ mac
incompatibility and/cells/ lyse
II. rophage/ phagoc
/ 5- ❖ 5-
ytosis
Graves'/ disea Autoantibodies/ specif
❖ Antibody/binding
se ic/for/thyroid/ tissue/im
/ followed/by/ neut
pair/receptor/ for/TSH
rophil/ destructio
n
❖ Antibody-
/ dependent/cel
l/ (NK)-
mediated/ cytot
oxicity,/or
❖ Antireceptor
III. ❖ Antigen- Raynaud’s/ p ❖ Complex/deposited/in/ s
/ antibodies
Antibody/ complex/ henomenon mall/peripheral/ vessels/
deposited/ in/tissue in/cool/ temperatures/le
s ading
to/vasoconstriction/and
Downloaded/by/Benjamin/Luca/()
, lOMoARcPSD| 51648332
blocked/circulation
❖ Contact
❖ Cytotoxic/T/cell- ❖ T/cells/attack/tissue/ d
IV. dermatitis/(e.g.,
/ mediated irectly/(no/antibody)
/ poison/ivy)
Edapt/Slides
Type/I:/Allergic/Reaction
On/initial/encounter/with/an/allergen,/the/individual/will/first/produce/IgE/antibodies./Afte/ r/t
he/allergen/is/cleared,/the/remaining/IgE/molecules/will/be/bound/by/mast/cells,/baso/ phils
,/and/eosinophils/that/contain/receptors/for/the/IgE/molecules./This/process/is/refer/ red/to/
as/sensitization./On/subsequent/exposure/to/the/allergen,/the/IgE/molecules/locat/ ed/on/t
he/sensitized/cells/induces/their/immediate/degranulation./This/causes/the/releas/ e/of/infl
ammatory/mediators/such/as/histamine,/leukotrienes,/and/prostaglandins/that/re/ sults/in/v
asodilation,/bronchial/smooth/muscle/contraction,/and/mucus/production./Type/ I/hyperse
nsitivity/reactions/can/be/local/or/systemic./Systemic/reactions/can/result/in/an/ aphylaxis,/
a/potentially/life
threatening/condition./Allergic/asthma/is/an/example/of/a/Type/I/hypersensitivity/reactio
n. On/exposure/to/certain/allergens/(typically/inhaled),/individuals/with/allergic/asthma/e/ x
perience/inflammation/of/the/airways,/characterized/by/tissue/swelling/and/excessive/ mu
cus/production./This/narrowing/of/the/airways/makes/it/difficult/to/breathe.
Type/II/Hypersensitivity/Reaction
A/Type/II/hypersensitivity/reaction/is/tissue-
specific/and/usually/occurs/as/a/result/of/ haptens/that/cause/an/IgG/antibody/or/IgM/antib
ody/mediated/response./The/antibodies/ are/specifically/directed/to/the/antigen/located/on/
the/cell/membrane./A/hapten/is/a/ small/molecule/that/can/cause/an/immune/response/wh
en/it/attaches/to/a/protein.
Macrophages/are/the/primary/effector/cells/of/Type/II/responses./Typical/examples/of
Downloaded/by/Benjamin/Luca/()
