PAPER 2026 FULL ANSWERS GRADED A+
⩥ Standards/scope of practice. Answer: Licensed and independent
practitioners, assess, diagnosis and treat and manage acute episodic and
chronic illnesses.
⩥ Statutory Law. Answer: States have a duty to protect those who
receive nursing care
⩥ Role of NONPF. Answer: the National Organization of Nurse
Practitioner Faculties. This is the only organization specifically
dedicated to promoting and supporting high quality nurse practitioner
education. The NONPF provides ongoing support to NP educators
through establishing competencies, methods of evaluation, and strategic
partnerships.
⩥ The NONPF primarily concentrates. Answer: on the development of
standards necessary to foster optimum graduate educational programs.
This network continually collects data and utilizes expert knowledge of
its membership to seminally publish updated curricular frameworks
⩥ Clinical interview terms, techniques, and goals. Answer: CC, HPI,
PMH, Assessment, diagnosis, structured and unstructured. MMSE,
active listening.
,⩥ Case formulation. Answer: Theoretically based explanation or
conceptualization of the information obtained from a clinical assessment
which offers a hypothesis and provides a framework of treatment.
⩥ Grief process and treatment. Answer: Kubler Ross: denial, anger,
bargaining, depression, and acceptance.
Instrumental: problem solving
Intuitive emotional
⩥ Risk assessment (suicide, self-harm, homicide, etc.) - protective and
risks factors. Answer: Highest risk group- white, middle-aged males
Next highest- aged 85 and older
⩥ Screening tool- Ask Suicide-Screening Questions (ASQ). Answer:
made of 4 questions to ask youth in medical settings
⩥ Common screening tools. Answer: PHQ-9 for depression
Columbia-Suicide Severity Rating Scale (C-SSRS)
SAFE-T (Suicide Assessment Five-Step Evaluation and Triage)
⩥ Highest risk for self-injury. Answer: socioeconomic disadvantage,
depression, substance abuse, and anxiety
, ⩥ Self-injury increases. Answer: risk of later suicide
⩥ Primary prevention. Answer: concerned with the prevention of the
onset of disease; goal is to reduce the incidence of disease; e.g.
vaccinations
⩥ Secondary prevention. Answer: concerned with trying to detect a
disease early and prevent it from getting worse; e.g. regular exams and
screening tests
⩥ Tertiary prevention. Answer: concerned with reducing the impact of
an ongoing illness or injury that has lasting effects; e.g. cardiac or stroke
rehab programs, support groups
⩥ Levels of prevention. Answer: primary, secondary, tertiary - this is
important for public patient education/screening/epidemiological
measures, and promoting health.
⩥ Neuroanatomy. Answer: neurotransmitters, brain plasticity,
epigenetics, major areas of the brain such as the amygdala, prefrontal
cortex, hypothalamus
⩥ Dopamine. Answer: responsible for drive, motivation, and reward,
inhibition of prolactin, controls motor (imbalance causes Parkinson's,
extapyramidal symptoms)