PSYCH 302 FINAL - PAYNE TAMU EXAM QUESTIONS WITH
ACCURATE ANSWERS A+ RATED
*producers of research - ANSWER study, give out questionaires/surveys, analyse data,
report results
*consumers of research - ANSWER reading about research and can apply to different
part of their life.
*theory data cycle - ANSWER scientist collect data to test, change, or update their
theories.
ex. app on tablet doesn't work so you test other apps and the wifi connection
change theories once the results come back (test q)
*empirical - ANSWER involves using evidence from the experiences and the senses
(sight, hearing touch) or from instruments that assist the senses (thermometers, timers,
photos, weight scales, and questionnaires)
- aim to be systematic, rigorous
*objective - ANSWER everyone percieves it the same way
- tests for superiority
*parsimiony - ANSWER the degree to which a theory provides the simplest explanation
of some phenomenon. In the context of investigating a claim, the simplest explantion of
,a pattern of data; the best explanation that requires making the fewest exceptions or
qualifications.
*control - ANSWER the regulation of all extraneous conditions and variables in an
experiment so that we can say the change in the DV can be attributed solely to the
manipulation of the IV and not to any other factors.
*science-news cycle - ANSWER strength of the relationship and its implications become
distorted with subsequent re-tellings, much like a game of "telephone"
*8 characteristics of science - ANSWER - control: remove/account for other explanations
- tenative: theory/understanding evolves
- self-correcting: replication of a new thing
- theory driven: desire to know how or why something works
- objective
- empiracle
- parsimonious
*5 assumptions of science - ANSWER - realism: things we perceive are real
- rationality: solve problems with rational methods
- regularity: the phenomenon conforms to laws
- determinism: all events are an effect of a cause
- discoverability: causes of effects are able to be discovered
,*theory - ANSWER why or how does something happen
- a good theory must be parsimonious
*research question - ANSWER no prediction, solely a question
*hypothesis - ANSWER specific with a prediction
- sometimes an if and then situation
*basic research - ANSWER pure science that aims to increase the scientific knowledge
base
*translational research - ANSWER research that uses knowledge derived from basic
research to develop and test solutions to real-world problems
*applied research - ANSWER research undertaken to solve a specific problem
*Acquiring knowledge: empirical but not objective - ANSWER - common sense (does not
apply to all cultures)
- intuition: spontaneous and instinctive
- tenacity
-mysticism
, *tenacity - ANSWER Hanging on to something persistently or stubbornly
- overexposure, superstition, habits
*mysticism - ANSWER belief that is personal or subjective (based on experience)
*problems with intuition: - ANSWER - easily swayed by a good story
- availibility heuristic (pops up easily in your mind)
- present-present bias
- confirmation bias: cherrypicking evidence and HARKing
*nonempiracle ways of knowing - ANSWER - someone in authority told you, and you
think it is true because they have credials
- logic - patterns from assumptions
*confound - ANSWER something that variates with the IV such that we do not know for
certain the DV was a result of the manipulation
*sample - ANSWER a group of people, animals, or cases used in a study; a subset of the
population of interest
*sampling frame - ANSWER list of individuals from which a sample is actually selected
ACCURATE ANSWERS A+ RATED
*producers of research - ANSWER study, give out questionaires/surveys, analyse data,
report results
*consumers of research - ANSWER reading about research and can apply to different
part of their life.
*theory data cycle - ANSWER scientist collect data to test, change, or update their
theories.
ex. app on tablet doesn't work so you test other apps and the wifi connection
change theories once the results come back (test q)
*empirical - ANSWER involves using evidence from the experiences and the senses
(sight, hearing touch) or from instruments that assist the senses (thermometers, timers,
photos, weight scales, and questionnaires)
- aim to be systematic, rigorous
*objective - ANSWER everyone percieves it the same way
- tests for superiority
*parsimiony - ANSWER the degree to which a theory provides the simplest explanation
of some phenomenon. In the context of investigating a claim, the simplest explantion of
,a pattern of data; the best explanation that requires making the fewest exceptions or
qualifications.
*control - ANSWER the regulation of all extraneous conditions and variables in an
experiment so that we can say the change in the DV can be attributed solely to the
manipulation of the IV and not to any other factors.
*science-news cycle - ANSWER strength of the relationship and its implications become
distorted with subsequent re-tellings, much like a game of "telephone"
*8 characteristics of science - ANSWER - control: remove/account for other explanations
- tenative: theory/understanding evolves
- self-correcting: replication of a new thing
- theory driven: desire to know how or why something works
- objective
- empiracle
- parsimonious
*5 assumptions of science - ANSWER - realism: things we perceive are real
- rationality: solve problems with rational methods
- regularity: the phenomenon conforms to laws
- determinism: all events are an effect of a cause
- discoverability: causes of effects are able to be discovered
,*theory - ANSWER why or how does something happen
- a good theory must be parsimonious
*research question - ANSWER no prediction, solely a question
*hypothesis - ANSWER specific with a prediction
- sometimes an if and then situation
*basic research - ANSWER pure science that aims to increase the scientific knowledge
base
*translational research - ANSWER research that uses knowledge derived from basic
research to develop and test solutions to real-world problems
*applied research - ANSWER research undertaken to solve a specific problem
*Acquiring knowledge: empirical but not objective - ANSWER - common sense (does not
apply to all cultures)
- intuition: spontaneous and instinctive
- tenacity
-mysticism
, *tenacity - ANSWER Hanging on to something persistently or stubbornly
- overexposure, superstition, habits
*mysticism - ANSWER belief that is personal or subjective (based on experience)
*problems with intuition: - ANSWER - easily swayed by a good story
- availibility heuristic (pops up easily in your mind)
- present-present bias
- confirmation bias: cherrypicking evidence and HARKing
*nonempiracle ways of knowing - ANSWER - someone in authority told you, and you
think it is true because they have credials
- logic - patterns from assumptions
*confound - ANSWER something that variates with the IV such that we do not know for
certain the DV was a result of the manipulation
*sample - ANSWER a group of people, animals, or cases used in a study; a subset of the
population of interest
*sampling frame - ANSWER list of individuals from which a sample is actually selected
